Exam question 3 · Fairy Tales, The Lost Princess and the Prince with the Rin…

Which of the following best describes the reason the eldest son refused food to the beggar?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: eldest son · What happens: follow, describe, refuse · To what, where: reason, food

This is exam question 3 of lesson 695 «Fairy Tales, The Lost Princess and the Prince with the Ring, part 1: the prince is saved by animals, and the eldest brother sets out» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reason	det
8	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 son	det
10	eldest	eld	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 son	amod
11	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refused	nsubj
12	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 reason	acl:relcl
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refused	obj
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 beggar	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 beggar	det
16	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refused	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the reason	of the best	tree rules
3	refuse	past	the eldest son	food	to the beggar	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He had been taught that the poor are lazy and must never be given anything from his own bag

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 taught	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 taught	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 taught	aux:pass
4	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 lazy	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 poor	det
7	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lazy	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lazy	cop
9	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 taught	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 given	cc
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 given	aux
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	14 given	advmod
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 given	aux:pass
14	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 taught	conj
15	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	14 given	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	19 bag	case
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 bag	nmod:poss
18	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 bag	amod
19	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 given	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	past · perfect · passive		He			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	is	present	the poor			lazy property	tree rules
3	not give	must · passive		anything	his own bag		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: anything=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He thought beggars should be punished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	beggars	beggar	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 punished	nsubj:pass
4	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 punished	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 punished	aux:pass
6	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 thought	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	He						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	punish	should · passive		beggars					vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He believed he must earn his food himself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 earn	nsubj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 earn	aux
5	earn	earn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 believed	ccomp
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 earn	obj
8	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	5 earn	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	He						vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	earn	must	he	his food				himself = he obl:unmarked	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme

Option 4

He thought the beggar was a thief in disguise who had planned to rob him on the road to the city

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 beggar	det
4	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 thief	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 thief	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 thief	det
7	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 thought	ccomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 disguise	case
9	disguise	disguise	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 thief	nmod
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 planned	nsubj:pass
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 planned	aux
12	planned	plan	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 disguise	acl:relcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 rob	mark
14	rob	rob	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 planned	xcomp
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 rob	obj
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 road	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 road	det
18	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 rob	obl
19	to	to	ADP	_	21 city	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 city	det
21	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 rob	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	He				vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	the beggar	a thief	disguise		tree rules
3	plan	past · perfect · passive		disguise			tree rules
4	rob not said to happen	to-infinitive		him = he	the road	to the city	vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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