Test 11 · ★ · Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40:…

the crow was so clever, what did he say from the air?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crow · What happens: be, say · To what, where: air · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 700 «Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40: the fox tricks the magpie and the crow, then meets a bear who needs a mourner» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crow	det
2	crow	crow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 clever	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 clever	cop
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 clever	advmod
5	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 say	punct
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	10 say	obj
8	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 say	aux
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 say	nsubj
10	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 clever	conj
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 air	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 air	det
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 say	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 clever	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the crow					clever property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past · do-support	crow			the air			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

you know how to take but not to keep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 take	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 take	mark
5	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	ccomp
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 keep	cc
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 keep	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 keep	mark
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 take	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	know	present	you	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	take	to-infinitive		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not keep	to-infinitive		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

you know well how to catch the birds from the high trees, but you cannot keep

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 know	advmod
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 catch	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 catch	mark
6	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 birds	det
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 catch	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 trees	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 trees	det
11	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 trees	amod
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 catch	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 keep	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 keep	cc
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 keep	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 keep	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 keep	advmod
18	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	know	present	you			well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	catch	to-infinitive	you not said here	the birds	the high trees		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bird=Theme from tree=Source
3	not keep	can	you				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

you know how to catch but you can't keep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 catch	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 catch	mark
5	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	xcomp
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 keep	cc
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 keep	nsubj
8	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 keep	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 keep	advmod
10	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	know	present	you	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	catch	to-infinitive	you not said here	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not keep	can	you	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

you know how to catch and to run and to hide, but you can never keep anything you take

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 catch	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 catch	mark
5	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 run	cc
7	to	to	PART	_	8 run	mark
8	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 catch	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 hide	cc
10	to	to	PART	_	11 hide	mark
11	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 run	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 keep	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 keep	cc
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 keep	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 keep	aux
16	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	17 keep	advmod
17	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 know	conj
18	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	17 keep	obj
19	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 take	nsubj
20	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 anything	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	know	present	you		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	catch	to-infinitive			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	run	to-infinitive			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	hide	to-infinitive			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	not keep	can	you	anything	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
6	take	present	you		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/700-pg2435-part40/t11/