Exam question 1 · Orange Fairy Book, The Story of the Sham Prince, part 1: L…

Which of the following describes the immediate consequence of Sigurd's decision to strike the stone after turning in his saddle?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sigurd · What happens: follow, be, strike, turn, decide · To what, where: stone, saddle

This is exam question 1 of lesson 716 «Orange Fairy Book, The Story of the Sham Prince, part 1: Labakan steals a robe, sets off as a prince, and robs his friend» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 consequence	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	8 consequence	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 consequence	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 consequence	case
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 consequence	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 consequence	det
7	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 consequence	amod
8	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 decision	case
10	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 decision	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Sigurd	case
12	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 consequence	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 strike	mark
14	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 consequence	acl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 stone	det
16	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 strike	obj
17	after	after	SCONJ	_	18 turning	mark
18	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 strike	advcl
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 saddle	case
20	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 saddle	nmod:poss
21	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 turning	obl
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 consequence	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				of the immediate consequence; of Sigurd's decision	tree rules
3	strike	to-infinitive		the stone			vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient
4	turn	gerund			Sigurd's saddle		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in saddle=Trajectory
5	decide		Sigurd				nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The hail struck the giant instead, so Sigurd was unharmed in his saddle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hail	det
2	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 struck	nsubj
3	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 giant	det
5	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 struck	obj
6	instead	instead	ADV	_	3 struck	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 unharmed	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 unharmed	advmod
9	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 unharmed	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 unharmed	cop
11	unharmed	unharmed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 struck	parataxis
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 saddle	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 saddle	nmod:poss
14	saddle	saddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 unharmed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past	the hail	the giant				instead property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Patient
2	is	past	Sigurd			Sigurd's saddle		unharmed property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He was spared injury from the hailstorm, which destroyed his pursuer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 spared	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 spared	aux:pass
3	spared	spare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spared	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 hailstorm	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hailstorm	det
7	hailstorm	hailstorm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spared	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 destroyed	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 destroyed	nsubj
10	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 hailstorm	acl:relcl
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 pursuer	nmod:poss
12	pursuer	pursuer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 destroyed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spare	past · passive		He		the hailstorm			vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: subject=Recipient injury=Asset
2	destroy	past	the hailstorm	his pursuer					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pursuer=Patient

Option 3

He was saved by a sudden wind that lifted the giant's axe, which then fell and killed his pursuer on the spot near the cliff edge

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 saved	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 saved	aux:pass
3	saved	save	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 wind	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 wind	det
6	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 wind	amod
7	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saved	obl
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 lifted	nsubj
9	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wind	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 giant	det
11	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 axe	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 giant	case
13	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lifted	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 fell	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 fell	nsubj
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 fell	advmod
17	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 axe	acl:relcl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 killed	cc
19	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 fell	conj
20	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 pursuer	nmod:poss
21	pursuer	pursuer	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 killed	obj
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 spot	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 spot	det
24	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 killed	obl
25	near	near	ADP	_	28 edge	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 edge	det
27	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 edge	compound
28	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 killed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	past · passive	a sudden wind	He				vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	lift	past	a sudden wind	the giant's axe				vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme
3	fall	past	the giant's axe			then		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	kill	past	the giant's axe not said here	giant's pursuer	the spot		near the cliff edge	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pursuer=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He avoided the stone, which then crushed the giant beneath falling ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 avoided	nsubj
2	avoided	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 stone	det
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoided	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 crushed	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 crushed	obj
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 crushed	advmod
8	crushed	crush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 stone	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 giant	det
10	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 crushed	obj
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	13 ice	case
12	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 ice	amod
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crushed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	past	He	the stone			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent stone=Location
2	crush	past		the stone	then	beneath falling ice	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus which=Experiencer giant=Result
3	fall	gerund					vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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