Exam question 1 · PG 2435, How To Find Out A True Friend, part 61: the princ…
Which of the following describes the decisive criterion by which the prince distinguished a true friend from a false one?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: prince · What happens: follow, describe, distinguish · To what, where: decisive criterion, true friend
This is exam question 1 of lesson 721 «PG 2435, How To Find Out A True Friend, part 61: the prince tests two travelling companions with apples and finds a true friend» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 describes | obj |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 5 describes | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 following | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 describes | nsubj |
| 5 | describes | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 criterion | det |
| 7 | decisive | decisive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 criterion | amod |
| 8 | criterion | criterion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 describes | obj |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 which | case |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 distinguished | obl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 prince | det |
| 12 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 distinguished | nsubj |
| 13 | distinguished | distinguish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 criterion | acl:relcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 friend | det |
| 15 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 friend | amod |
| 16 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 distinguished | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 one | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 one | det |
| 19 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 one | amod |
| 20 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 distinguished | obl |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 describes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | describe | present | the decisive criterion | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | distinguish | past | the prince | a true friend | by the decisive criterion; from a false one | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent friend=Theme by which=Attribute from one=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Ability to divide the bread fairly among friends
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ability | ability | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 divide | mark |
| 3 | divide | divide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Ability | acl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bread | det |
| 5 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 divide | obj |
| 6 | fairly | fairly | ADV | _ | 3 divide | advmod |
| 7 | among | among | ADP | _ | 8 friends | case |
| 8 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 divide | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | divide | to-infinitive | the bread | among friends; fairly property | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Willingness to accept the smaller portion of the apple
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Willingness | willingness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 accept | mark |
| 3 | accept | accept | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Willingness | acl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 portion | det |
| 5 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 portion | amod |
| 6 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 accept | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 apple | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 apple | det |
| 9 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 portion | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accept | to-infinitive | the smaller portion of the apple | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme |
Option 3
Willingness to accept the smaller portion of the apple, even when the friend is hungry and tired
The tree, 17 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Willingness | willingness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 accept | nsubj |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 accept | mark |
| 3 | accept | accept | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 portion | det |
| 5 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 portion | amod |
| 6 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 accept | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 apple | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 apple | det |
| 9 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 portion | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 hungry | punct |
| 11 | even | even | ADV | _ | 16 hungry | advmod |
| 12 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 16 hungry | mark |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 friend | det |
| 14 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hungry | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 hungry | cop |
| 16 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 accept | parataxis |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 tired | cc |
| 18 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 hungry | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accept | to-infinitive | Willingness | the smaller portion of the apple | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the friend | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | the friend not said here | tree rules |
Option 4
Eagerness to grab the largest share for oneself at once
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eagerness | eagerness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 grab | mark |
| 3 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Eagerness | acl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 share | det |
| 5 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 share | amod |
| 6 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grab | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 oneself | case |
| 8 | oneself | oneself | PRON | PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 share | nmod |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 once | case |
| 10 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 grab | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grab | to-infinitive | the largest share | for oneself | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent share=Theme for oneself=Beneficiary |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/721-pg2435-part61/e1/