Exam question 4 · Grimm, The Straw, the Coal, and the Bean: three runaways a…

What is the principal reason the three companions resolved to depart together?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: principal reason · What happens: be, resolve, depart · To what, where: three companions

This is exam question 4 of lesson 730 «Grimm, The Straw, the Coal, and the Bean: three runaways almost die, and a bean ends up with a black seam» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 companions	det
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 companions	nummod
8	companions	companion	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reason	nmod
9	resolved	resolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 companions	acl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 depart	mark
11	depart	depart	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 resolved	xcomp
12	together	together	ADV	_	11 depart	advmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the principal reason the three companions			tree rules
2	resolve	participle		the three companions not said here		tree rules
3	depart	to-infinitive			together property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

To escape a renewed misfortune

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 escape	mark
2	escape	escape	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 misfortune	det
4	renewed	renew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 misfortune	amod
5	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 escape	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	to-infinitive		a renewed misfortune					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme misfortune=Initial_Location
2	renew	participle							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

To get away from new harm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 get	mark
2	get	get	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	away	away	ADV	_	2 get	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 harm	case
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 harm	amod
6	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 get	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get away	to-infinitive				new harm		away property	vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from harm=Source

Option 3

To escape a renewed misfortune that had struck the old woman's house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 escape	mark
2	escape	escape	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 misfortune	det
4	renewed	renew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 misfortune	amod
5	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 escape	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 struck	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 struck	aux
8	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 misfortune	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 woman	det
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 woman	amod
11	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 house	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 woman	case
13	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 escape	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	escape	to-infinitive	a renewed misfortune	tree rules
2	renew	participle		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	strike	past · perfect · passive	a renewed misfortune	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Because the old woman wanted them gone and they wished to go with a new friend

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 wanted	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 woman	det
3	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 woman	amod
4	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wanted	nsubj
5	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 wanted	obj
7	gone	gone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 wanted	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wished	cc
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 wished	nsubj
10	wished	wish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 wanted	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 go	mark
12	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 wished	xcomp
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 friend	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 friend	det
15	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 friend	amod
16	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	want	past	the old woman	them = they	gone property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot they=Theme
2	wish	past	they			vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	go not said to happen	to-infinitive	they not said here		with a new friend	vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with friend=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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