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Test 8 · ★ · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros g…

Tom says rhinos have folded skin because of cake-crumbs. What would a zookeeper say?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, rhinos, zookeeper · What happens: say, fold · To what, where: skin · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 76 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 3: How the Rhinoceros got his Skin» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tom says rhinos have folded skin because of cake-crumbs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 folded	nsubj
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 folded	aux
5	folded	fold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 says	ccomp
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 folded	obj
7	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	11 crumbs	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	7 because	fixed
9	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crumbs	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 cake	punct
11	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 folded	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Tom						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fold	present · perfect	rhinos	skin				because cake crumbs	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skin=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would a zookeeper say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 zookeeper	det
4	zookeeper	zookeeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	a zookeeper						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

The folds are from cake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 folds	det
2	folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cake	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cake	cop
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 cake	case
5	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the folds			cake			tree rules

Option 2

The folds come from crumbs inside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 folds	det
2	folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 crumbs	case
5	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	obl
6	inside	inside	ADV	_	3 come	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	the folds			crumbs		inside property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from crumb=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The folds grow naturally and help the rhino bend and move

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 folds	det
2	folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	naturally	naturally	ADV	_	3 grow	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 help	cc
6	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 grow	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rhino	det
8	rhino	rhino	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 help	obj
9	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 help	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 move	cc
11	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 bend	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	the folds					naturally property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	help	infinitive	the folds not said here	the rhino					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent rhino=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	bend	infinitive	the rhino not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	move	infinitive	the rhino not said here						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Folds come from rubbing on trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	4 rubbing	mark
4	rubbing	rub	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 come	advcl
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 trees	case
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rubbing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Folds						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	rub	gerund	Folds not said here			trees			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on tree=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/76-justso-rhinoceros-skin/t8/