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Test 7 · ★ · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got…

Freddie says: "Giraffes got patches from standing under trees, my book says so." Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Freddie, Giraffes, book, you · What happens: say, get, stand, put · To what, where: patches, trees, book · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 77 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Freddie says: "Giraffes got patches from standing under trees, my book says so."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Freddie	Freddie	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 got	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 got	punct
5	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 got	nsubj
6	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
7	patches	patch	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 got	obj
8	from	from	SCONJ	_	9 standing	mark
9	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 got	advcl
10	under	under	ADP	_	11 trees	case
11	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 standing	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 says	punct
13	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 book	nmod:poss
14	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 says	nsubj
15	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	parataxis
16	so	so	ADV	_	15 says	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 says	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Freddie						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	get in a quote	past	Giraffes	patches					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer patch=Stimulus
3	stand in a quote	gerund	Giraffes not said here			trees			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location
4	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my book						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put him right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		book			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

The options

Option 1

Giraffes paint patches on each other with their tongues

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paint	nsubj
2	paint	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	patches	patch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paint	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 each	case
5	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	2 paint	obl
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 each	fixed
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 tongues	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 tongues	nmod:poss
9	tongues	tongue	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paint	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	present	Giraffes	patches		each		with Giraffes's tongues	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent patch=Theme on each=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, all giraffes are born plain and turn patchy in the shade

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 born	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 giraffes	det
4	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 born	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 born	aux:pass
6	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 born	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 turn	cc
9	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 born	conj
10	patchy	patchy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 turn	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 shade	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 shade	det
13	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		all giraffes				plain property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	turn	present				the shade		patchy property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in shade=Trajectory

Option 3

Giraffes get their patches from the mud they roll in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 get	nsubj
2	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 patches	nmod:poss
4	patches	patch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 get	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 mud	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mud	det
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 get	obl
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 roll	nsubj
9	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 mud	acl:relcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	9 roll	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	Giraffes	Giraffes's patches		the mud			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent patch=Theme from mud=Source
2	roll in	present	Giraffes = giraffe	the mud not said here					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mud=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

That is only Kipling's story; real patterns come from parents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 story	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 story	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 story	advmod
4	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 story	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Kipling	case
6	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 come	punct
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 patterns	amod
9	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 come	nsubj
10	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 story	conj
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 parents	case
12	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	That	Kipling's story					tree rules
2	come	present	real patterns					from parents	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from parent=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/77-justso-leopard-spots-1/t7/