Exam question 3 · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child…

Select the response that most accurately characterises the expression "crocodile tears" in contemporary usage.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, most · What happens: select, characteris · To what, where: response, expression

This is exam question 3 of lesson 79 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 1 (What does the Crocodile have for dinner?)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
5	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 characterises	nsubj
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	5 most	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Select	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 expression	det
9	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 tears	punct
11	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tears	compound
12	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 expression	nmod
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 tears	punct
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 usage	case
15	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 usage	amod
16	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tears	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	characteris	present	most	the expression crocodile tears in contemporary usage					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A display of sorrow which is not genuine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 display	det
2	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sorrow	case
4	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 display	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 genuine	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 genuine	cop
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 genuine	advmod
8	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 display	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	a display of sorrow					genuine property	tree rules
2	display			sorrow					nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

A form of fake laughter used by the Python

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 form	det
2	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 laughter	case
4	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 laughter	amod
5	laughter	laughter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	nmod
6	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 form	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 Python	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Python	det
9	Python	Python	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle		a form of fake laughter not said here				by the Python	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	form			fake laughter					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

A display of sorrow which is not genuine, first recorded in the Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling in the 1900s

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 display	det
2	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 genuine	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sorrow	case
4	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 display	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 genuine	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 genuine	cop
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 genuine	advmod
8	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 recorded	punct
10	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 recorded	advmod
11	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 genuine	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	16 Stories	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Stories	det
14	Just	Just	PROPN	_	16 Stories	flat
15	So	so	ADV	_	16 Stories	advmod
16	Stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 recorded	obl
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 Kipling	case
18	Rudyard	Rudyard	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Kipling	compound
19	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 recorded	obl:agent
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 1900s	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 1900s	det
22	1900s	1900	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	11 recorded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not is	present	a display of sorrow			genuine property	tree rules
2	record	participle	a display of sorrow not said here		the Just Stories	in the 1900s; first property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in story=Destination
3	display			sorrow			nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A display of sorrow which is not genuine, often used by people who want to fool others into thinking they are kind

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 display	det
2	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 genuine	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sorrow	case
4	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 display	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 genuine	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 genuine	cop
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 genuine	advmod
8	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 used	punct
10	often	often	ADV	_	11 used	advmod
11	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 genuine	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 people	case
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 used	obl
14	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 want	nsubj
15	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 people	acl:relcl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 fool	mark
17	fool	fool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 want	xcomp
18	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 fool	obj
19	into	into	SCONJ	_	20 thinking	mark
20	thinking	think	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 fool	advcl
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 thinking	nsubj
22	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 kind	cop
23	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 genuine	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is	present	a display of sorrow		genuine property	tree rules
2	use	participle	a display of sorrow not said here		by people; often property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	want	present	people			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	fool not said to happen	to-infinitive	people not said here	others		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Patient
5	think speech: other	gerund	others = other			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	a display of sorrow not said here		kind property	tree rules
7	display			sorrow		nom display «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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