Test 3 · ★★ · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old…

What would have happened if there had been a bridge over the Wollgong River?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: happen, be · To what, where: bridge, Wollgong River

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 81 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happened	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happened	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 happened	aux
4	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 bridge	mark
6	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	8 been	expl
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 been	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 bridge	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bridge	det
10	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 happened	advcl
11	over	over	ADP	_	14 River	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 River	det
13	Wollgong	Wollgong	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 River	compound
14	River	River	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 bridge	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a a condition, not said to happen	participle		a bridge		the Wollgong River			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He could have gone on running on all four legs as before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 gone	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 gone	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 gone	aux
4	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	on	on	SCONJ	_	6 running	mark
6	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 gone	advcl
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 legs	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 legs	det
9	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 legs	nummod
10	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 running	obl
11	as	as	ADV	_	12 before	advmod
12	before	before	ADV	_	6 running	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	could · perfect	He						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	run	gerund	He not said here			all four legs		before property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He might have kept running on four legs instead of hopping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 kept	nsubj:pass
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 kept	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 kept	aux
4	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 kept	xcomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 legs	case
7	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 legs	nummod
8	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 running	obl
9	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 hopping	mark
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 instead	fixed
11	hopping	hop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 running	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	keep	might · perfect · passive		He		tree rules
2	run	gerund	He not said here		four legs	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory
3	hop	gerund	He not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He might have kept running on four legs and never grown the long hind legs at all, leaving the joke unfinished

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 kept	nsubj:pass
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 kept	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 kept	aux
4	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 kept	xcomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 legs	case
7	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 legs	nummod
8	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 running	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 grown	cc
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 grown	advmod
11	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 kept	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 legs	det
13	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 legs	amod
14	hind	hind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 legs	amod
15	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 grown	obj
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 all	case
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 grown	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 leaving	punct
19	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 grown	advcl
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 joke	det
21	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 leaving	obj
22	unfinished	unfinished	PUNCT	_	4 kept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	keep	might · perfect · passive		He		tree rules
2	run	gerund	He not said here		four legs	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory
3	not grow	participle		the long hind legs	all	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme
4	leave	gerund		the joke		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Theme

Option 4

Nqong would never have played his joke, and the Kangaroo would have stayed in his grey woolly shape forever

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nqong	Nqong	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 played	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 played	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 played	advmod
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 played	aux
5	played	play	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 joke	nmod:poss
7	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 played	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 stayed	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 stayed	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Kangaroo	det
11	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 stayed	nsubj
12	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 stayed	aux
13	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 stayed	aux
14	stayed	stay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 played	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	19 shape	case
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 shape	nmod:poss
17	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 shape	amod
18	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 shape	amod
19	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 stayed	obl
20	forever	forever	ADV	_	14 stayed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not play	would · perfect	Nqong	Nqong's joke			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Theme
2	stay	would · perfect	the Kangaroo		Nqong's grey woolly shape	forever property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shape=Location
3	joke		Nqong				nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/81-justso-old-man-kangaroo/t3/