Test 7 · ★★ · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old…

Compare: the Elephant's Child's trunk and the Kangaroo's legs were both made by pulling or running. Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: compare, make, pull, run, be · To what, where: trunk, legs

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 81 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6: The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Compare: the Elephant's Child's trunk and the Kangaroo's legs were both made by pulling or running.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Compare	compare	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Compare	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Elephant	det
4	Elephant	Elephant	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 trunk	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Elephant	case
6	Child	Child	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 trunk	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Child	case
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Compare	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 made	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Kangaroo	det
11	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 legs	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Kangaroo	case
13	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 made	nsubj:pass
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 made	aux:pass
15	both	both	ADV	_	16 made	advmod
16	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 trunk	conj
17	by	by	SCONJ	_	18 pulling	mark
18	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 made	advcl
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 running	cc
20	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 pulling	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Compare	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	compare	imperative	you not said here	the Elephant's trunk		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient
2	make	past · passive		the Kangaroo's legs	both property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	pull	gerund				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	run	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Both were stretched by a hard struggle, and both turned out useful

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 stretched	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stretched	aux:pass
3	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 struggle	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 struggle	det
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 struggle	amod
7	struggle	struggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stretched	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 turned	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 turned	cc
10	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	11 turned	nsubj
11	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stretched	conj
12	out	out	ADP	_	11 turned	compound:prt
13	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 turned	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	past · passive	a hard struggle	Both					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	turn out	past	both					useful property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The trunk was stretched by a crocodile, the legs were cut by a stone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trunk	det
2	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stretched	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 stretched	aux:pass
4	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 crocodile	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 crocodile	det
7	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stretched	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cut	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 legs	det
10	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 cut	nsubj:pass
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 cut	aux:pass
12	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stretched	conj
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 stone	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 stone	det
15	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cut	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	past · passive	a crocodile	the trunk					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	cut	past · passive	a stone	the legs					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 3

Both came from pulling and running, but the Kangaroo's legs were never useful for anything except sitting still in the sun

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	4 pulling	mark
4	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 came	advcl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 running	cc
6	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 pulling	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 useful	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 useful	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Kangaroo	det
10	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 legs	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Kangaroo	case
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 useful	nsubj
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 useful	cop
14	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	15 useful	advmod
15	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 came	conj
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 anything	case
17	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	15 useful	obl
18	except	except	ADP	_	19 sitting	mark
19	sitting	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 anything	acl
20	still	still	ADV	_	19 sitting	advmod
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 sun	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 sun	det
23	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 sitting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Both				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	pull	gerund	Both not said here				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	run	gerund	Both not said here				vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	not is	past	the Kangaroo's legs			for anything; useful property	tree rules
5	sit	gerund		the sun	still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun=Location

Option 4

Both were stretched by the same crocodile's bite while the animals struggled hard together, and both helped them survive later

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 stretched	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stretched	aux:pass
3	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	9 bite	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 crocodile	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 crocodile	amod
7	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bite	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 crocodile	case
9	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stretched	obl
10	while	while	SCONJ	_	13 struggled	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 animals	det
12	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 struggled	nsubj:pass
13	struggled	struggle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 stretched	advcl
14	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 struggled	advmod
15	together	together	ADV	_	13 struggled	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 helped	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 helped	cc
18	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	19 helped	nsubj
19	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stretched	parataxis
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 helped	obj
21	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 helped	xcomp
22	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	21 survive	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stretch	past · passive	the same crocodile's bite	Both		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	struggle	participle · passive		the animals	hard, together property	tree rules
3	help	past	both	animals = animal		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	survive	infinitive	animals = animal not said here		late property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	bite		the same crocodile			nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/81-justso-old-man-kangaroo/t7/