Test 9 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 1:…

Real life: which statement is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Real life · What happens: be

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 82 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 1: Painted Jaguar and the muddled advice» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 life	amod
2	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 true	nsubj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 true	punct
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 statement	det
5	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 true	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 true	cop
7	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Real life					true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Jaguars hate water and never go near any river at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hate	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 go	cc
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 go	advmod
6	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 hate	conj
7	near	near	ADP	_	9 river	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 river	det
9	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 go	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Jaguars	water					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
2	not go	infinitive	Jaguars not said here			any river		at all	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near river=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Real jaguars swim well and can crack a turtle's shell with their bite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 jaguars	amod
2	jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swim	nsubj
3	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 swim	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 crack	cc
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 crack	aux
7	crack	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 swim	conj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 turtle	det
9	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shell	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 turtle	case
11	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crack	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 bite	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 bite	nmod:poss
14	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crack	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	swim	present	Real jaguars		well property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	crack	can	Real jaguars not said here	a turtle's shell	with jaguars's bite	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with bite=Instrument
3	bite		jaguars = jaguar			nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Real jaguars swim well and can crack a turtle's shell with their bite, but they never eat hedgehogs at all in the wild

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 jaguars	amod
2	jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swim	nsubj
3	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 swim	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 crack	cc
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 crack	aux
7	crack	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 swim	conj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 turtle	det
9	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shell	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 turtle	case
11	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crack	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 bite	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 bite	nmod:poss
14	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crack	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 eat	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 eat	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 eat	nsubj
18	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	19 eat	advmod
19	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swim	conj
20	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 eat	obj
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 all	case
22	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	19 eat	obl
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 wild	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 wild	det
25	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	swim	present	Real jaguars			well property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	crack	can	Real jaguars not said here	a turtle's shell		with jaguars's bite	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with bite=Instrument
3	not eat	present	jaguars = jaguar	hedgehogs	all	in the wild	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedgehog=Patient
4	bite		jaguars = jaguar				nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Jaguars never hunt at night in the wet forest rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 hunt	advmod
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 night	case
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunt	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	10 rain	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 rain	det
8	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 rain	amod
9	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rain	compound
10	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hunt	present	Jaguars			the wet forest rain	night		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in rain=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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