Test 14 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

Ava: «Kipling ate with that ending, he'd been to Rio loads.» (ate = did it brilliantly) What does the song say?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ava, Kipling, ate, song · What happens: eat, be, do, say · To what, where: ending · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 14 · ★ of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ava: «Kipling ate with that ending, he'd been to Rio loads.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ate	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Ava	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct
4	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ate	nsubj
5	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 ending	case
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 ending	det
8	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ate	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 loads	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 loads	nsubj
11	'd	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 loads	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 loads	cop
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 loads	case
14	Rio	Rio	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 loads	compound
15	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ate	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat in a quote	past	Ava					with that ending	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	past · perfect	Kipling					to Rio loads	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: (ate = did it brilliantly) What does the song say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 did	punct
2	ate	ate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 did	nsubj
3	=	=	SYM	_	2 ate	punct
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 say	ccomp
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 did	obj
6	brilliantly	brilliantly	ADV	_	4 did	advmod
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	4 did	punct
8	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 say	obj
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 say	aux
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 song	det
11	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 say	nsubj
12	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	ate	ending				brilliantly property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
2	say speech: assert	present · do-support	the song						tree rules

The options

Option 1

He sailed the Amazon many years ago and loved it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sailed	nsubj
2	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Amazon	det
4	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sailed	obj
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 years	amod
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ago	obl:unmarked
7	ago	ago	ADV	_	2 sailed	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 loved	cc
9	loved	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 sailed	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 loved	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	He	the Amazon				ago property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amazon=Theme
2	love	past	He not said here	Amazon					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 2

He had sailed the Amazon but never stopped at Rio, so he wished to return

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sailed	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sailed	aux
3	sailed	sail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Amazon	det
5	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sailed	obj
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 stopped	cc
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 stopped	advmod
8	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sailed	conj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 Rio	case
10	Rio	Rio	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 stopped	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 wished	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	14 wished	advmod
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 wished	nsubj
14	wished	wish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sailed	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 return	mark
16	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 wished	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	sail	past · perfect	He	the Amazon		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amazon=Theme
2	not stop	past	He not said here		Rio	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at rio=Location
3	wish	past	Rio			vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	return not said to happen	to-infinitive	Rio not said here			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He had never sailed the Amazon or reached Brazil, but would love to go

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sailed	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 sailed	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 sailed	advmod
4	sailed	sail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Amazon	det
6	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sailed	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 reached	cc
8	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 sailed	conj
9	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 reached	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 love	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 love	cc
12	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 love	aux
13	love	love	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 sailed	conj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 go	mark
15	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 love	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	not sail	past · perfect	He	the Amazon	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amazon=Theme
2	reach	past	He not said here	Brazil	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent brazil=Theme
3	love	would	He not said here		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	go not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

He had sailed there many times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sailed	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sailed	aux
3	sailed	sail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 sailed	advmod
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 times	amod
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sailed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past · perfect	He			there	time		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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