Test 8 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

Grace from Sydney: «nine-banded armadillo went for a swim this arvo.» (arvo = afternoon) Could that be true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Grace, arvo · What happens: go, be · To what, where: arvo

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grace from Sydney: «nine-banded armadillo went for a swim this arvo.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grace	Grace	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 went	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Sydney	case
3	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Grace	nmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 went	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 armadillo	punct
6	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 banded	nummod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 nine	punct
8	banded	banded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 armadillo	amod
9	armadillo	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 went	nsubj
10	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 swim	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 swim	det
13	swim	swim	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 went	obl
14	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 arvo	det
15	arvo	arvo	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 went	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 went	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go in a quote	past	Grace from Sydney	this arvo				for a swim	vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for swim=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: (arvo = afternoon) Could that be true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 arvo	punct
2	arvo	arvo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 true	nsubj
3	=	=	SYM	_	4 afternoon	punct
4	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arvo	appos
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	4 afternoon	punct
6	Could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 true	aux
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 true	nsubj
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 true	cop
9	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	could	arvo					true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes: nine-banded armadillos can swim across rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 swim	discourse
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 banded	nummod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 nine	punct
5	banded	banded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 armadillos	amod
6	armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 swim	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 swim	aux
8	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	across	across	ADP	_	10 rivers	case
10	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	can	banded armadillos			rivers			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across river=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Yes: nine-banded armadillos can swim and even walk along the bottom

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 swim	discourse
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 swim	punct
3	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 banded	nummod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 nine	punct
5	banded	banded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 armadillos	amod
6	armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 swim	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 swim	aux
8	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 walk	cc
10	even	even	ADV	_	11 walk	advmod
11	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 swim	conj
12	along	along	ADP	_	14 bottom	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bottom	det
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 walk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	can	banded armadillos						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	walk	infinitive	banded armadillos not said here			the bottom			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory

Option 3

No: nine-banded armadillos hate water, but they can dig long tunnels under rivers to cross them safely in the dry season

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 armadillos	det
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 nine	punct
3	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 armadillos	nummod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 nine	punct
5	banded	banded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 armadillos	amod
6	armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hate	nsubj
7	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hate	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 dig	punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 dig	cc
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 dig	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 dig	aux
13	dig	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 hate	conj
14	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 tunnels	amod
15	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dig	obj
16	under	under	ADP	_	17 rivers	case
17	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dig	obl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 cross	mark
19	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 dig	advcl
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 cross	obj
21	safely	safely	ADV	_	19 cross	advmod
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 season	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 season	det
24	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 season	amod
25	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cross	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	no nine banded armadillos	water				vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
2	dig	can	armadillos = armadillo	long tunnels	rivers			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme under river=Location
3	cross	to-infinitive	armadillos = armadillo not said here	tunnels = tunnel		season	safely property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes: nine-banded armadillos can swim and even walk along the bottom, holding their breath for minutes at a time

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 swim	discourse
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 swim	punct
3	nine	nine	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 banded	nummod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 nine	punct
5	banded	banded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 armadillos	amod
6	armadillos	armadillo	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 swim	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 swim	aux
8	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 walk	cc
10	even	even	ADV	_	11 walk	advmod
11	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 swim	conj
12	along	along	ADP	_	14 bottom	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bottom	det
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 walk	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 holding	punct
16	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 walk	advcl
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 breath	nmod:poss
18	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 holding	obj
19	for	for	ADP	_	20 minutes	case
20	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 holding	obl
21	at	at	ADP	_	23 time	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 time	det
23	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 holding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	swim	can	banded armadillos				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	walk	infinitive	banded armadillos not said here		the bottom		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
3	hold	gerund	banded armadillos not said here	armadillos's breath		minute; time	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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