Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Goloshes of Fortune, part 50:…

What is the principal reason the young volunteer remains fixed in the railings?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: young volunteer · What happens: be, remain, fix · To what, where: principal reason, railings

This is exam question 2 of lesson 839 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Goloshes of Fortune, part 50: the watchman's soul visits the moon, then a volunteer's head sticks in the hospital railings» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 reason	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reason	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 volunteer	det
7	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 volunteer	amod
8	volunteer	volunteer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 remains	nsubj
9	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reason	acl:relcl
10	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 remains	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 railings	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 railings	det
13	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 fixed	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present		the principal reason		tree rules
2	remain	present	the young volunteer	the principal reason not said here		tree rules
3	fix	participle	the young volunteer not said here		the railings	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

His body is too large to pass through the gaps while his head is outside

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 body	nmod:poss
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 large	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 large	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 large	advmod
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 pass	mark
7	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 large	xcomp
8	through	through	ADP	_	10 gaps	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 gaps	det
10	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 pass	obl
11	while	while	SCONJ	_	15 outside	mark
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 head	nmod:poss
13	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 outside	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 outside	cop
15	outside	outside	ADV	_	7 pass	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	His body		large property	tree rules
2	pass	to-infinitive	His body not said here	the gaps		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through gap=Location
3	is	present	his head		outside property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

His body is too large to pass through

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 body	nmod:poss
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 large	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 large	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 large	advmod
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 pass	mark
7	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 large	xcomp
8	through	through	ADV	_	7 pass	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	His body					large property	tree rules
2	pass through	to-infinitive	His body not said here					through property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

His belly is caught between two bars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 belly	nmod:poss
2	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caught	aux:pass
4	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	between	between	ADP	_	7 bars	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 bars	nummod
7	bars	bar	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 caught	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	present · passive		His belly				between two bars	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

His body is far too large and heavy to pass through the narrow iron gap

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 body	nmod:poss
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 large	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 large	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 large	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 large	advmod
6	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 heavy	cc
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 large	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 pass	mark
10	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 large	advcl
11	through	through	ADP	_	15 gap	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 gap	det
13	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 gap	amod
14	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 gap	compound
15	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	His body		far, large property	tree rules
2	be		His body not said here			tree rules
3	pass	to-infinitive	His body not said here	the narrow iron gap		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through gap=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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