Test 10 · ★ · Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1:…
Looking back: the Stranger-man believes a magic tooth will make people burst. Which earlier character also believed something that was not so?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Stranger man, magic tooth, people · What happens: look back, believe, make, burst · To what, where: people, something · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 84 «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Looking back: the Stranger-man believes a magic tooth will make people burst.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 believes | advcl |
| 2 | back | back | ADV | _ | 1 Looking | advmod |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 1 Looking | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 5 | Stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 man | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Stranger | punct |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 believes | nsubj |
| 8 | believes | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 tooth | det |
| 10 | magic | magic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tooth | compound |
| 11 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 make | nsubj |
| 12 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 make | aux |
| 13 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 believes | ccomp |
| 14 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 make | obj |
| 15 | burst | burst | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 make | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 believes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look back | gerund | the Stranger man not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | believe | present | the Stranger man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | make | future | a magic tooth | people | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | burst | infinitive | people not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which earlier character also believed something that was not so?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 believed | nsubj |
| 2 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 character | amod |
| 3 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 believed | nsubj |
| 4 | also | also | ADV | _ | 5 believed | advmod |
| 5 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 believed | obj |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 was | nsubj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 something | acl:relcl |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 so | advmod |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 was | advmod |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 believed | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | something | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The Elephant, who thought the Crocodile was kind
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Elephant | det |
| 2 | Elephant | Elephant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 kind | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 thought | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 5 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Elephant | acl:relcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Crocodile | det |
| 7 | Crocodile | Crocodile | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | obj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 kind | cop |
| 9 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | the Elephant | the Crocodile | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot crocodile=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the Elephant | kind property | tree rules |
Option 2
The Whale, who thought the Mariner was dead
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Whale | det |
| 2 | Whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 dead | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 thought | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 5 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Whale | acl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Mariner | det |
| 7 | Mariner | Mariner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | obj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dead | cop |
| 9 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | the Whale | the Mariner | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mariner=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the Whale | dead property | tree rules |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Painted Jaguar, who thought the curled-up Hedgehog was the Tortoise
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Jaguar | amod |
| 2 | Jaguar | Jaguar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 thought | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 5 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Hedgehog | det |
| 7 | curled | curl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 Hedgehog | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 up | punct |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 curled | compound:prt |
| 10 | Hedgehog | Hedgehog | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Tortoise | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 Tortoise | cop |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Tortoise | det |
| 13 | Tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | paint | participle | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | Painted Jaguar | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | curl up | participle | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | is a | past | the curled Hedgehog | the Tortoise | tree rules |
Option 4
The Mariner, who thought the whale was a sleeping island and so built a fire on its back
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Mariner | det |
| 2 | Mariner | Mariner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 thought | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 thought | nsubj |
| 5 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 whale | det |
| 7 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 island | nsubj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 island | cop |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 island | det |
| 10 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 island | compound |
| 11 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 thought | ccomp |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 built | cc |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 built | advmod |
| 14 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 thought | conj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 fire | det |
| 16 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 built | obj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 back | case |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 back | nmod:poss |
| 19 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 built | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | the Mariner | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | the whale | a sleeping island | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | build | past | the Mariner not said here | a fire | whale's back | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fire=Theme on back=Source |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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