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Test 15 · ★ · Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1:…

★★★ Careful: the Stranger-man reads the spear «sticking in Daddy's back» as an attack. What does the story tell us really caused it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Stranger man, spear, story · What happens: read, stick, tell, cause · To what, where: spear, back, us, story · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 15 · ★ of lesson 84 «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Careful: the Stranger-man reads the spear «sticking in Daddy's back» as an attack.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Careful	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	ADP	_	4 Careful	case
4	Careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 reads	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 man	det
7	Stranger	stranger	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 man	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 Stranger	punct
9	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reads	nsubj
10	reads	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 Careful	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 spear	det
12	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reads	obj
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 sticking	punct
14	sticking	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 spear	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 back	case
16	Daddy	Daddy	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 back	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 Daddy	case
18	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sticking	obl
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 sticking	punct
20	as	as	ADP	_	22 attack	case
21	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 attack	det
22	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reads	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 Careful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	present	the Stranger man	the spear				as a attack	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer spear=Stimulus as attack=Attribute
2	stick in a quote	gerund	the spear not said here			Daddy's back			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in back=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does the story tell us really caused it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 story	det
4	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tell	nsubj
5	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 tell	iobj
7	really	really	ADV	_	8 caused	advmod
8	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	ccomp
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 caused	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	the story		us				tree rules
2	cause	past		story					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The tooth slipped and the bark was too small

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tooth	det
2	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slipped	nsubj
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 small	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bark	det
6	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 small	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 small	cop
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 small	advmod
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 slipped	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip	past	the tooth						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	is	past	the bark					small property	tree rules

Option 2

The Stranger-man was right: Taffy meant to attack Daddy with the sharp tooth from the necklace

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 man	det
2	Stranger	stranger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 man	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 Stranger	punct
4	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 right	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 right	cop
6	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 meant	punct
8	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 meant	nsubj
9	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 right	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 attack	mark
11	attack	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 meant	xcomp
12	Daddy	Daddy	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 attack	obj
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 tooth	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 tooth	det
15	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 tooth	amod
16	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 attack	obl
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 necklace	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 necklace	det
19	necklace	necklace	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 attack	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Stranger man					right property	tree rules
2	mean	past	Taffy						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	attack not said to happen	to-infinitive	Taffy not said here	Daddy		the necklace		with the sharp tooth	vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daddy=Patient

Option 3

The Stranger-man pushed the spear in too hard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 man	det
2	Stranger	stranger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 man	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 Stranger	punct
4	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushed	nsubj
5	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 spear	det
7	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushed	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 hard	case
9	too	too	ADV	_	10 hard	advmod
10	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 pushed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	past	the Stranger man	the spear		hard			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent spear=Theme in hard=Trajectory

Option 4

The tooth slipped and the bark was too small, so Taffy was afraid and tried to hide it under the tree

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tooth	det
2	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slipped	nsubj
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 small	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bark	det
6	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 small	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 small	cop
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 small	advmod
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 slipped	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 afraid	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	14 afraid	advmod
12	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 afraid	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 afraid	cop
14	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 slipped	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 tried	cc
16	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 slipped	conj
17	to	to	PART	_	18 hide	mark
18	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 tried	xcomp
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 hide	obj
20	under	under	ADP	_	22 tree	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 tree	det
22	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 hide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip	past	the tooth						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	is	past	the bark					small property	tree rules
3	is	past	Taffy					afraid property	tree rules
4	try	past	the tooth not said here						vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5	hide not said to happen	to-infinitive	the tooth not said here	bark		the tree			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Patient under tree=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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