Exam question 4 · Andersen's Tales, Rudy, part 66: an avalanche kills the un…

Which quality of Rudy is emphasised by the narrator in the final section of the extract?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: narrator · What happens: emphasise, section · To what, where: quality, final section, extract

This is exam question 4 of lesson 855 «Andersen's Tales, Rudy, part 66: an avalanche kills the uncle, and Rudy becomes the family's hunter and guide» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 quality	det
2	quality	quality	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 emphasised	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Rudy	case
4	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 quality	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 emphasised	aux:pass
6	emphasised	emphasise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 narrator	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 narrator	det
9	narrator	narrator	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 emphasised	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 section	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 section	det
12	final	final	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 section	amod
13	section	section	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 emphasised	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 extract	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 extract	det
16	extract	extract	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 section	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 emphasised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emphasise	present · passive	the narrator	which quality of Rudy		the final section of the extract			tree rules
2	section			the extract					nom section «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

His temper and strength make him feared by the old men of the valley

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 temper	nmod:poss
2	temper	temper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 strength	cc
4	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 temper	conj
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	feared	fear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 make	xcomp
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 men	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 men	det
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 men	amod
11	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 feared	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 valley	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 valley	det
14	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 men	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	His temper and strength	him = he		tree rules
2	fear	participle	him = he not said here		by the old men of the valley	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	temper		His = he			nom temper «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

His bravery, cheerfulness, physical skill and beauty make him admired by every young and old person in the whole village and beyond

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bravery	nmod:poss
2	bravery	bravery	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 make	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 cheerfulness	punct
4	cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bravery	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 skill	punct
6	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skill	amod
7	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bravery	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 beauty	cc
9	beauty	beauty	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 skill	conj
10	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 make	obj
12	admired	admire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 make	xcomp
13	by	by	ADP	_	18 person	case
14	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	18 person	det
15	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 person	amod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 old	cc
17	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 young	conj
18	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 admired	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	22 village	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 village	det
21	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 village	amod
22	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 person	nmod
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 beyond	cc
24	beyond	beyond	ADV	_	22 village	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	His bravery and cheerfulness and physical skill and beauty	him = he					tree rules
2	admire	participle	him = he not said here					by every young person in the whole village	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

His bravery, cheerfulness and physical skill make him admired by young and old

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bravery	nmod:poss
2	bravery	bravery	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 make	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 cheerfulness	punct
4	cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bravery	conj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 skill	cc
6	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skill	amod
7	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bravery	conj
8	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 make	obj
10	admired	admire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 make	xcomp
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 young	case
12	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 admired	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 old	cc
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 young	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	His bravery and cheerfulness and physical skill	him = he					tree rules
2	admire	participle	him = he not said here					by young	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

His bravery and skill make him admired by all the villagers, who praise him at every festival and feast in the valley

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bravery	nmod:poss
2	bravery	bravery	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 skill	cc
4	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bravery	conj
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	admired	admire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 make	xcomp
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 villagers	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 villagers	det:predet
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 villagers	det
11	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 admired	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 praise	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 praise	nsubj
14	praise	praise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 villagers	acl:relcl
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 praise	obj
16	at	at	ADP	_	18 festival	case
17	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	18 festival	det
18	festival	festival	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 praise	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 feast	cc
20	feast	feast	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 festival	conj
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 valley	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 valley	det
23	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 praise	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	present	His bravery and skill	him = he			tree rules
2	admire	participle	him = he not said here			by all villagers	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
3	praise	present	all villagers	him = he	every festival and feast	in the valley	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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