Test 2 · ★ · Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3:…

Why does the Head Chief say pictures need «a man who can talk our language» with them?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Head Chief, pictures, man · What happens: say, need, talk · To what, where: language · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 86 «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a great invention» and the road on Merrow Down» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 say	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Chief	det
4	Head	Head	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Chief	compound
5	Chief	Chief	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 need	nsubj
8	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 say	ccomp
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 talk	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 man	det
11	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 talk	nsubj
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 talk	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 talk	aux
14	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 need	ccomp
15	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 language	nmod:poss
16	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 talk	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 talk	punct
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 them	case
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 talk	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	the Head Chief			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	need	present	pictures			vn require-103-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
3	talk in a quote	can	a man	our language	with pictures = picture	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Only men may carry them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 men	advmod
2	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 carry	aux
4	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 carry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	may	men	them = they					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 2

Pictures are against the old law of the Tribe of Tegumai

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 law	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 law	cop
3	against	against	ADP	_	6 law	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 law	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 law	amod
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Tribe	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Tribe	det
9	Tribe	Tribe	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 law	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Tegumai	case
11	Tegumai	Tegumai	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Tribe	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Pictures					against the old law; of the Tribe of Tegumai	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A picture alone can be misunderstood, as they have just seen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 picture	det
2	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 misunderstood	nsubj:pass
3	alone	alone	ADV	_	2 picture	advmod
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 misunderstood	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 misunderstood	aux:pass
6	misunderstood	misunderstand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 seen	punct
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 seen	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 seen	nsubj
10	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 seen	aux
11	just	just	ADV	_	12 seen	advmod
12	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 misunderstood	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	misunderstand	can · passive		a picture					vn comprehend-87.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	see	present · perfect	they						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The Stranger-man cannot see pictures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 man	det
2	Stranger	stranger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 man	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 Stranger	punct
4	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 see	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 see	advmod
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	can	the Stranger man	pictures					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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