Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Little Mermaid, part 89: the m…

In what manner did the mermaid convey the prince to the shore?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mermaid · What happens: convey · To what, where: prince, shore, manner

This is exam question 1 of lesson 878 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Little Mermaid, part 89: the mermaid watches the prince's palace and dreams of a soul» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 manner	case
2	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	3 manner	det
3	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 convey	obl
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 convey	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mermaid	det
6	mermaid	mermaid	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 convey	nsubj
7	convey	convey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 prince	det
9	prince	prince	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 convey	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 shore	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shore	det
12	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 convey	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 convey	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convey	past · do-support	the mermaid	the prince	the shore	what manner			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent prince=Topic to shore=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

by swimming with him to the beach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 swimming	mark
2	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 him	case
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swimming	obl
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 beach	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 beach	det
7	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swimming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	gerund				the beach		with him = he	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to beach=Destination

Option 2

by holding him up above the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 holding	mark
2	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 holding	obj
4	up	up	ADP	_	2 holding	compound:prt
5	above	above	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 holding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold up	gerund		him = he		the water			vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot he=Theme

Option 3

by swimming with him across the whole bay to the shore at dawn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 swimming	mark
2	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 him	case
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swimming	obl
5	across	across	ADP	_	8 bay	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bay	det
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bay	amod
8	bay	bay	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swimming	obl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 shore	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 shore	det
11	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swimming	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 dawn	case
13	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shore	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	gerund				the whole bay		with him = he; to the shore at dawn	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to shore=Destination

Option 4

by carrying him through the sea foam

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	by	by	SCONJ	_	2 carrying	mark
2	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carrying	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	7 foam	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 foam	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 foam	compound
7	foam	foam	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carrying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	gerund		him = he		the sea foam			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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