Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, Thumbelina, part 94: Tiny nurses a…

Which of the following statements correctly describes the state of the swallow when Tiny first discovers him in the passage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, describe, discover · To what, where: state, him, passage

This is exam question 1 of lesson 883 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Thumbelina, part 94: Tiny nurses a frozen swallow while the field-mouse plans her wedding to the mole» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 describes	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 describes	obl
6	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	7 describes	advmod
7	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 state	det
9	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describes	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 swallow	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 swallow	det
12	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 state	nmod
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 Tiny	advmod
14	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 discovers	amod
15	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	16 discovers	advmod
16	discovers	discover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 describes	conj
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 discovers	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 passage	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 passage	det
20	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 discovers	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the state of the swallow		of the following statements; correctly property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent state=Theme
3	discover	present	him = he	the passage	first property	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The swallow was benumbed with cold, and his heart still beat faintly under the hay Tiny placed

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swallow	det
2	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 benumbed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 benumbed	aux:pass
4	benumbed	benumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 cold	case
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 benumbed	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 beat	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 beat	cc
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 heart	nmod:poss
10	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 beat	nsubj
11	still	still	ADV	_	12 beat	advmod
12	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 benumbed	conj
13	faintly	faintly	ADV	_	12 beat	advmod
14	under	under	ADP	_	16 hay	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hay	det
16	hay	hay	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 beat	obl
17	Tiny	Tiny	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 placed	nsubj
18	placed	place	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 hay	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	benumb	past · passive		the swallow			with cold	tree rules
2	beat	present	his heart		the hay	still	faintly property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under hay=Location
3	place	past	Tiny	the hay not said here				vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent hay=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The swallow was benumbed with cold and not truly dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swallow	det
2	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 benumbed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 benumbed	aux:pass
4	benumbed	benumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 cold	case
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 benumbed	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 dead	cc
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 dead	advmod
9	truly	truly	ADV	_	10 dead	advmod
10	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cold	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	benumb	past · passive		the swallow				with cold	tree rules

Option 3

The swallow had been wounded by a thorn-bush and was lying still, but not fully benumbed

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swallow	det
2	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wounded	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 wounded	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 wounded	aux:pass
5	wounded	wound	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	10 bush	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bush	det
8	thorn	thorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bush	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 thorn	punct
10	bush	bush	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wounded	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 lying	cc
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 lying	aux
13	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 wounded	conj
14	still	still	ADV	_	13 lying	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 benumbed	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 benumbed	cc
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	19 benumbed	advmod
18	fully	fully	ADV	_	19 benumbed	advmod
19	benumbed	benumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 wounded	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	wound	past · perfect · passive	a thorn bush	the swallow			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
2	lie	past · progressive	a thorn bush not said here		still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not benumb	participle	a thorn bush not said here			fully property	tree rules

Option 4

The swallow had died from his wing wound early

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 swallow	det
2	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 died	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 died	aux
4	died	die	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 wound	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 wound	nmod:poss
7	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wound	compound
8	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 died	obl
9	early	early	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 died	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	past · perfect	the swallow			swallow's wing wound		early property	vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from wound=Causer
2	wound		swallow						nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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