Test 18 · ★★ · Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the A…

★★★ Real life: the Phoenician alphabet had 22 letters and English has 26. Which three letters did English add only in the last thousand years?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, English, three letters · What happens: have, add · To what, where: 22 letters, 26

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 89 «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Real life: the Phoenician alphabet had 22 letters and English has 26.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 had	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	PUNCT	_	5 life	punct
4	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 life	amod
5	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 ★	appos
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 had	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 alphabet	det
8	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 alphabet	amod
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 had	nsubj
10	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	22	22	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 letters	nummod
12	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 had	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 has	cc
14	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 has	nsubj
15	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 had	conj
16	26	26	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 has	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	★	22 letters					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient
2	have	present	English	26					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 26=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which three letters did English add only in the last thousand years?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 add	obj
2	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 letters	nummod
3	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 add	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 add	aux
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 add	nsubj
6	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	only	only	ADV	_	12 years	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 years	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 years	det
10	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 years	amod
11	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 add	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 add	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	past · do-support	three letters				year		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

J, U and W

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	J	J	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 U	punct
3	U	U	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 W	cc
5	W	W	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

J, U and W, all in the last thousand years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	J	J	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 U	punct
3	U	U	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 W	cc
5	W	W	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 years	punct
7	all	all	ADV	_	12 years	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 years	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 years	det
10	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 years	amod
11	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 J	parataxis

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

J, U, W and Y, added in the last thousand years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	J	J	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 U	punct
3	U	U	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 W	punct
5	W	W	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	appos
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Y	cc
7	Y	Y	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 W	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 added	punct
9	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 J	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	14 years	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 years	det
12	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 years	amod
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 added	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	participle		J and U not said here			year		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 4

J, U and Y

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	J	J	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 U	punct
3	U	U	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 Y	cc
5	Y	Y	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 J	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/t18/