Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Nightingale: the emperor lives…

Which of the following accurately describes the condition in which the servants supposed the Emperor to be prior to his awakening?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: servants, his · What happens: follow, describe, suppose, be, awaken · To what, where: Emperor, condition

This is exam question 1 of lesson 914 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Nightingale: the emperor lives, and the nightingale makes a promise» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 condition	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	8 condition	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 condition	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 condition	csubj
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	6 describes	advmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 condition	det
8	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 supposed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 servants	det
12	servants	servant	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 supposed	nsubj
13	supposed	suppose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 condition	acl:relcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Emperor	det
15	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 supposed	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	18 prior	mark
17	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 prior	cop
18	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	13 supposed	xcomp
19	to	to	SCONJ	_	21 awakening	mark
20	his	his	PRON	Gender=Masc Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 awakening	nsubj
21	awakening	awaken	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 prior	advcl
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 condition	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present				accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
3	suppose	past	the servants	the Emperor	the condition		vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent emperor=Attribute
4	is	to-infinitive	the servants not said here			prior property	tree rules
5	awaken	gerund	his = he				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They supposed he had left them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 supposed	nsubj
2	supposed	suppose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 left	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 left	aux
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 supposed	xcomp
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 left	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suppose	past	They						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	leave	past · perfect	he	them = they					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 2

They had been told by the physician that his heart had stopped beating completely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 told	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 told	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 told	aux:pass
4	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 physician	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 physician	det
7	physician	physician	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 told	obl
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 stopped	nsubj
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 heart	nmod:poss
10	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stopped	nsubj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 stopped	aux
12	stopped	stop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 physician	acl:relcl
13	beating	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 stopped	xcomp
14	completely	completely	ADV	_	13 beating	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past · perfect · passive	the physician	They		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	stop	past · perfect	the physician			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
3	beat	gerund	the physician not said here		completely property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They believed that he was dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 dead	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 dead	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 dead	cop
6	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 believed	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	They						vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	past	he					dead property	tree rules

Option 4

They believed that he had died in the night and that they must bury him

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 died	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 died	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 died	aux
6	died	die	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 believed	ccomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 night	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 night	det
9	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 died	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 bury	cc
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 bury	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 bury	nsubj
13	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 bury	aux
14	bury	bury	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 believed	conj
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 bury	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	believe	past	They			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	die	past · perfect	he		night	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	bury	must	they	him = he		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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