Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Garden of Paradise, part 144:…

By what means did the mother of the Winds restrain her sons when they proved unruly?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mother, sons · What happens: mean, do, restrain, prove · To what, where: sons

This is exam question 2 of lesson 933 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Garden of Paradise, part 144: the lost prince shelters in the Winds' cave and hears the North and West Winds tell their adventures» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 did	obj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mother	det
6	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 restrain	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Winds	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Winds	det
9	Winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 mother	nmod
10	restrain	restrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 did	parataxis
11	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 sons	nmod:poss
12	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 restrain	obj
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	15 proved	advmod
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 proved	nsubj
15	proved	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 restrain	advcl
16	unruly	unruly	ADV	_	15 proved	advmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	do	past				vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
3	restrain	present	the mother of the Winds	mother's sons		vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer son=Eventuality
4	prove	past	sons = son		unruly property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

By shutting them inside wooden barrels in the cellar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 shutting	mark
2	shutting	shut	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shutting	obj
4	inside	inside	ADV	_	2 shutting	advmod
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 barrels	amod
6	barrels	barrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 shutting	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 cellar	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cellar	det
9	cellar	cellar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 barrels	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shut	gerund		them = they				inside property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By confining them within four sacks upon the wall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 confining	mark
2	confining	confine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 confining	obj
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 sacks	case
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 sacks	nummod
6	sacks	sack	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 confining	obl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 confining	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	gerund		them = they				within four sacks; upon the wall	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3

By confining them within four sacks upon the wall and sternly forbidding any further noise

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 confining	mark
2	confining	confine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 confining	obj
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 sacks	case
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 sacks	nummod
6	sacks	sack	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 confining	obl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sacks	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 forbidding	cc
11	sternly	sternly	ADV	_	12 forbidding	advmod
12	forbidding	forbid	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 confining	conj
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	15 noise	det
14	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 noise	amod
15	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 forbidding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	gerund		them = they				within four sacks upon the wall	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
2	forbid	gerund		any further noise				sternly property	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer noise=Theme

Option 4

By confining them within four heavy sacks hung upon the far wall of the cave, where they could not escape until morning

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 confining	mark
2	confining	confine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 confining	obj
4	within	within	ADP	_	7 sacks	case
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 sacks	nummod
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sacks	amod
7	sacks	sack	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 confining	obl
8	hung	hang	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 sacks	acl
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 wall	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wall	det
11	far	far	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 wall	amod
12	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hung	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 cave	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cave	det
15	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wall	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 escape	punct
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	21 escape	advmod
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 escape	nsubj
19	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 escape	aux
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 escape	advmod
21	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 confining	conj
22	until	until	ADP	_	23 morning	case
23	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 escape	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	gerund		them = they			within four heavy sacks	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
2	hang	participle		four heavy sacks not said here	the far wall of the cave			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon wall=Location
3	not escape	could	sacks = sack			morning		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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