Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Red Shoes, part 167: prizes ar…

What is the principal reason given for the swallow's lack of consideration by the fence-rail?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: swallow · What happens: be, give, lack · To what, where: principal reason, consideration

This is exam question 2 of lesson 956 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Red Shoes, part 167: prizes are argued over, then poor Karen gets red shoes and is taken away» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 reason	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reason	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 reason	acl
7	for	for	ADP	_	11 lack	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 swallow	det
9	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lack	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 swallow	case
11	lack	lack	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 given	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 consideration	case
13	consideration	consideration	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lack	nmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	18 rail	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 rail	det
16	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 rail	compound
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 fence	punct
18	rail	rail	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 given	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the principal reason		tree rules
2	give	participle		the principal reason not said here	for the swallow's lack of consideration; by the fence rail	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for lack=Asset
3	lack		the swallow	consideration		nom lack «state transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Her fickle habit of travelling abroad whenever winter commences and never returning to the fence-rail until spring has fully arrived

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 habit	nmod:poss
2	fickle	fickle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 habit	amod
3	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 arrived	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 travelling	mark
5	travelling	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 habit	acl
6	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	5 travelling	advmod
7	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 commences	advmod
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commences	nsubj
9	commences	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 habit	acl:relcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 returning	cc
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 returning	advmod
12	returning	return	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 commences	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	17 rail	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 rail	det
15	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rail	compound
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 fence	punct
17	rail	rail	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 returning	obl
18	until	until	ADP	_	19 spring	case
19	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rail	nmod
20	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 arrived	aux
21	fully	fully	ADV	_	22 arrived	advmod
22	arrived	arrive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	travel	gerund	Her fickle habit not said here		abroad property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	commence	present	winter		whenever property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	not return	gerund	winter not said here		to the fence rail until spring result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to rail=Result
4	arrive	present · perfect · passive		Her fickle habit	fully property	tree rules

Option 2

Her rude way of talking to the fence-rail at dawn each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 way	nmod:poss
2	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 way	amod
3	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 talking	mark
5	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 way	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	10 rail	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 rail	det
8	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rail	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 fence	punct
10	rail	rail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 talking	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 dawn	case
12	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rail	nmod
13	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	14 day	det
14	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 talking	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	gerund	Her rude way not said here				day	to the fence rail at dawn	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to rail=Co-Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Her fickle habit of travelling abroad when winter commences

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 habit	nmod:poss
2	fickle	fickle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 habit	amod
3	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 travelling	nsubj
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 travelling	mark
5	travelling	travel	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	5 travelling	advmod
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 commences	advmod
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commences	nsubj
9	commences	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 travelling	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	gerund	Her fickle habit					abroad property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	commence	present	winter						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

Her fickle habit of gossiping about the hare and the snail all day, then travelling abroad when winter commences and ignoring everyone

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 habit	nmod:poss
2	fickle	fickle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 habit	amod
3	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 gossiping	mark
5	gossiping	gossip	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 habit	acl
6	about	about	ADP	_	8 hare	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hare	det
8	hare	hare	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gossiping	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 snail	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 snail	det
11	snail	snail	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hare	conj
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 day	det
13	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gossiping	obl:unmarked
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 travelling	punct
15	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 travelling	advmod
16	travelling	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 gossiping	conj
17	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	16 travelling	advmod
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 commences	advmod
19	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 commences	nsubj
20	commences	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 travelling	advcl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 ignoring	cc
22	ignoring	ignore	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 gossiping	conj
23	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	22 ignoring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	gossip speech: other	gerund	Her fickle habit not said here		day	about the hare and the snail	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about hare=Topic
2	travel	gerund	Her fickle habit not said here		then	abroad property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	commence	present	winter				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	ignore	gerund	Her fickle habit not said here	everyone			vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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