Exam question 4 · Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 1: a wis…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mass of a butterfly?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: mass

This is exam question 4 of lesson 96 «Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 1: a wise king, a hungry Animal and a butterfly's boast» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mass	det
10	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 butterfly	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 butterfly	det
13	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mass	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mass of a butterfly				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Heavier than a sparrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
2	than	than	ADP	_	4 sparrow	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sparrow	det
4	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Heavier	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Enough to crush a blade of grass beneath it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Enough	enough	ADV	_	3 crush	advmod
2	to	to	PART	_	3 crush	mark
3	crush	crush	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 blade	det
5	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crush	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 grass	case
7	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 blade	nmod
8	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 crush	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crush	to-infinitive		a blade of grass				beneath grass; enough property	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blade=Patient

Option 3

About the weight of a small pebble on the grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	About	about	ADP	_	3 weight	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 weight	det
3	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 pebble	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pebble	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pebble	amod
7	pebble	pebble	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 weight	nmod
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 grass	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 grass	det
10	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pebble	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Less than a single gram, insufficient to bend a blade of grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	5 gram	advmod
2	than	than	ADP	_	1 Less	fixed
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gram	det
4	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gram	amod
5	gram	gram	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 insufficient	punct
7	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gram	amod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 bend	mark
9	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 insufficient	advcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 blade	det
11	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bend	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 grass	case
13	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 blade	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	to-infinitive		a blade of grass					vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent blade=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/96-justso-butterfly-1-the-boast/e4/