Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, A Rose from Homer's Grave: a rose…

By what means does the nightingale bring about his own death?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: nightingale · What happens: mean, bring, die

This is exam question 3 of lesson 960 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, A Rose from Homer's Grave: a rose is carried north in a book» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 bring	obl
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bring	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nightingale	det
6	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bring	nsubj
7	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	about	about	ADP	_	11 death	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 death	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 death	amod
11	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bring	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 bring	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	bring	present · do-support	the nightingale	about nightingale's own death	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent
3	die		nightingale		nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By singing himself to death

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 singing	mark
2	singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 singing	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 death	case
5	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	gerund		himself = he	death				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent himself=Topic to death=Recipient

Option 2

By singing too long at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 singing	mark
2	singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 long	advmod
4	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 singing	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 singing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	gerund					night	long property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

By sorrowfully singing all night long until his voice and heart gave out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	3 singing	mark
2	sorrowfully	sorrowfully	ADV	_	3 singing	advmod
3	singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 night	det
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 singing	obj
6	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 singing	advmod
7	until	until	SCONJ	_	12 gave	mark
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 voice	nmod:poss
9	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 gave	nsubj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 heart	cc
11	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 voice	conj
12	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 singing	advcl
13	out	out	ADP	_	12 gave	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	gerund					night	long, sorrowfully property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	give out	past	his voice and heart						vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

By singing so hard that his heart burst in grief for the rose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 singing	mark
2	singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 burst	advcl
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 hard	advmod
4	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 singing	advmod
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 burst	mark
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 heart	nmod:poss
7	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 burst	nsubj
8	burst	burst	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 grief	case
10	grief	grief	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 burst	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 rose	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 rose	det
13	rose	rose	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 burst	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	gerund	his heart not said here					hard property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	burst	past	his heart			grief		for the rose	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in grief=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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