Exam question 1 · Jurgen's Book, Jurgen, part 178: Jurgen is freed and trave…

In what manner was the innocence of Jurgen ultimately established?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be, establish · To what, where: innocence, manner

This is exam question 1 of lesson 967 «Jurgen's Book, Jurgen, part 178: Jurgen is freed and travels to Skjagen» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 manner	case
2	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	3 manner	det
3	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 innocence	obl
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 innocence	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 innocence	det
6	innocence	innocence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Jurgen	case
8	Jurgen	Jurgen	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 innocence	nmod
9	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	_	10 established	advmod
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 innocence	acl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 innocence	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the innocence		what manner		of Jurgen	tree rules
2	establish	participle		the innocence not said here				ultimately property	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

After a witness spoke at the inquest hearing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 witness	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 witness	det
3	witness	witness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spoke	obl
4	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 hearing	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hearing	det
7	inquest	inquest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hearing	compound
8	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spoke	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past				the inquest hearing	after a witness		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Through the subsequent arrest of Niels the thief, who had confessed under torture to the murder of Martin in the beer-house

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Through	through	ADP	_	4 arrest	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 arrest	det
3	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 arrest	amod
4	arrest	arrest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Niels	case
6	Niels	Niels	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 arrest	nmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 thief	det
8	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 Niels	appos
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 confessed	punct
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 confessed	nsubj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 confessed	aux
12	confessed	confess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 thief	acl:relcl
13	under	under	ADP	_	14 torture	case
14	torture	torture	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 confessed	obl
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 murder	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 murder	det
17	murder	murder	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 confessed	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 Martin	case
19	Martin	Martin	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 murder	nmod
20	in	in	ADP	_	24 house	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 house	det
22	beer	beer	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 house	compound
23	-	-	PUNCT	_	22 beer	punct
24	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 murder	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	confess	past · perfect	the thief		the murder of Martin in the beer house	torture	vn confess-37.10 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to murder=Recipient
2	arrest			Niels			nom arrest «act transitive»: of=patient
3	murder			Martin		the beer house	nom murder «act transitive»: of=patient in=place

Option 3

Through the subsequent arrest of a wandering beggar who had been caught with Martin's purse and a bloody knife in the harbour district

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Through	through	ADP	_	4 arrest	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 arrest	det
3	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 arrest	amod
4	arrest	arrest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 beggar	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 beggar	det
7	wandering	wonder	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 beggar	amod
8	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arrest	nmod
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 caught	nsubj:pass
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 caught	aux
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 caught	aux:pass
12	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 beggar	acl:relcl
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 purse	case
14	Martin	Martin	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 purse	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 Martin	case
16	purse	purse	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 caught	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 knife	cc
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 knife	det
19	bloody	bloody	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 knife	amod
20	knife	knife	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arrest	conj
21	in	in	ADP	_	24 district	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 district	det
23	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 district	compound
24	district	district	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 knife	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	wonder speech: ask	gerund			vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	catch	past · perfect · passive	a wandering beggar	with Martin's purse	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	arrest		a wandering beggar		nom arrest «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Through the subsequent arrest of Niels the thief

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Through	through	ADP	_	4 arrest	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 arrest	det
3	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 arrest	amod
4	arrest	arrest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Niels	case
6	Niels	Niels	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 arrest	nmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 thief	det
8	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 Niels	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrest			Niels					nom arrest «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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