Exam question 2 · Fire: what it needs and how to put it out

Identify the principal reason for which water shall not be applied to burning cooking oil.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, not apply, burn · To what, where: principal reason, water

This is exam question 2 of lesson 12 «Fire: what it needs and how to put it out» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 applied	obl
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	nsubj:pass
8	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 applied	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 applied	advmod
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 applied	aux:pass
11	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	to	to	ADP	_	15 oil	case
13	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 oil	amod
14	cooking	cooking	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 oil	compound
15	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not apply	shall · passive		water	for the principal reason; to burning cooking oil	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for which=Eventuality
3	burn	gerund				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It reacts chemically with the oil to form a poisonous and flammable liquid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reacts	nsubj
2	reacts	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	chemically	chemically	ADV	_	2 reacts	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 oil	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 oil	det
6	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reacts	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 form	mark
8	form	form	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 reacts	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 liquid	det
10	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 liquid	amod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 flammable	cc
12	flammable	flammable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 poisonous	conj
13	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 form	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	react	present	It					with the oil; chemically property	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with oil=Eventuality
2	form	to-infinitive		a poisonous liquid					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location liquid=Theme

Option 2

It cools the oil insufficiently to have any effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cools	nsubj
2	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 oil	det
4	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cools	obj
5	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV	_	2 cools	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 have	mark
7	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cools	advcl
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 effect	det
9	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	It	the oil				insufficiently property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent oil=Patient
2	have	to-infinitive		any effect					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 3

It increases the supply of fuel to the fire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 increases	nsubj
2	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 supply	det
4	supply	supply	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increases	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 fuel	case
6	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 supply	nmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 fire	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 fire	det
9	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	It	the supply of fuel				to the fire result	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient supply=Extent to fire=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is instantly converted to steam and projects the burning oil outward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 converted	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 converted	cop
3	instantly	instantly	ADV	_	4 converted	advmod
4	converted	converted	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 steam	case
6	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 converted	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 projects	cc
8	projects	project	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 converted	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 oil	det
10	burning	burning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 oil	compound
11	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 projects	obj
12	outward	outward	ADV	_	8 projects	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to steam; converted, instantly property	tree rules
2	project	present		the burning oil				outward property	vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent oil=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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