Exam question 4 · Tarnish and how metals change

Determine which of the following assertions concerning cola is consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, following assertions · What happens: determine, follow, concern, be, establish · To what, where: cola

This is exam question 4 of lesson 14 «Tarnish and how metals change» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 consistent	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 assertions	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 assertions	det
5	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 assertions	amod
6	assertions	assertion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 which	nmod
7	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 assertions	acl
8	cola	cola	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 concerning	obj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 consistent	cop
10	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Determine	ccomp
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 facts	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 facts	det
13	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 facts	amod
14	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 consistent	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here			vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	concern	gerund	the following assertions not said here	cola		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cola=Experiencer
4	is	present			with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
5	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It does not dissolve a tooth overnight, yet sugary acidic drinks harm teeth over time

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dissolve	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dissolve	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 dissolve	advmod
4	dissolve	dissolve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 tooth	det
6	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissolve	obj
7	overnight	overnight	ADV	_	4 dissolve	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 harm	punct
9	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	13 harm	cc
10	sugary	sugary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 drinks	amod
11	acidic	acidic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 drinks	amod
12	drinks	drink	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 harm	nsubj
13	harm	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dissolve	parataxis
14	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 harm	obj
15	over	over	ADP	_	16 time	case
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 harm	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not dissolve	present · do-support	It	a tooth				overnight property	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	harm	present	sugary acidic drinks	teeth			time		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tooth=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It contains no acid whatsoever and is harmless to teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 acid	det
4	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 contains	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 harmless	cc
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 harmless	cop
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 contains	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 teeth	case
10	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 harmless	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	no acid				whatsoever property	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot acid=Theme
2	is	present						to teeth; harmless property	tree rules

Option 3

It dissolves a human tooth completely within a single night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dissolves	nsubj
2	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tooth	det
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tooth	amod
5	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dissolves	obj
6	completely	completely	ADV	_	2 dissolves	advmod
7	within	within	ADP	_	10 night	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 night	det
9	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 night	amod
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dissolves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present	It	a human tooth			night	completely property	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 4

It strengthens tooth enamel when consumed daily

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 strengthens	nsubj
2	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enamel	compound
4	enamel	enamel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strengthens	obj
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 consumed	advmod
6	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 strengthens	advcl
7	daily	daily	ADV	_	6 consumed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strengthen	present	It	tooth enamel					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent enamel=Patient
2	consume	participle						daily property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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