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Test 10 · ★ · Tarnish and how metals change

Teacher: "a cut apple and a cut bit of metal both change in air". What makes both happen?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Teacher, both · What happens: change, make, happen · To what, where: air

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 14 «Tarnish and how metals change» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Teacher: "a cut apple and a cut bit of metal both change in air".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 change	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 apple	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 apple	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 apple	det
5	cut	cut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 apple	amod
6	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Teacher	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 bit	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bit	det
9	cut	cut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bit	amod
10	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 apple	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 metal	case
12	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bit	nmod
13	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	14 change	nsubj
14	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 air	case
16	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 change	obl
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 air	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 change	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change in a quote	present	Teacher and a cut apple and a cut bit of metal			air			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What makes both happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 happen	nsubj
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present							tree rules
2	happen	infinitive	both						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

Water from the air freezing on them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 freezing	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 air	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 air	det
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Water	nmod
5	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 them	case
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 freezing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	gerund	Water from the air					on them = they	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Oxygen in the air reacting with them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 air	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 air	det
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Oxygen	nmod
5	reacting	react	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Oxygen	acl
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 them	case
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reacting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	react	gerund	Oxygen in the air not said here					with them = they	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with they=Eventuality

Option 3

Light from the windows bleaching them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 windows	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 windows	det
4	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Light	nmod
5	bleaching	bleach	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 windows	acl
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 bleaching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bleach	gerund	the windows not said here	windows = window					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4

Germs from the air eating them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eating	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 air	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 air	det
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Germs	nmod
5	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 eating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	gerund	Germs from the air	them = they					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/14-tarnish-and-how-metals-change/t10/