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Exam question 2 · Acids in the kitchen

It is given that pickled vegetables remain edible for several months when stored in vinegar. Ascertain the principal reason.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pickled vegetables, you · What happens: give, pickle, remain, store, ascertain · To what, where: It, vinegar, principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 15 «Acids in the kitchen» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that pickled vegetables remain edible for several months when stored in vinegar.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 remain	mark
5	pickled	pickle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 vegetables	amod
6	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 remain	nsubj
7	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	ccomp
8	edible	edible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 remain	xcomp
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 months	case
10	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 months	amod
11	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 remain	obl
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 stored	advmod
13	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 remain	advcl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 vinegar	case
15	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stored	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					tree rules
2	pickle	participle							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	remain	present	pickled vegetables				month	edible property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	store	participle	pickled vegetables not said here			vinegar			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in vinegar=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal reason.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic

The options

Option 1

The vinegar forms an airtight layer of fat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vinegar	det
2	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forms	nsubj
3	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 layer	det
5	airtight	airtight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 layer	amod
6	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forms	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 fat	case
8	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 layer	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	the vinegar	a airtight layer of fat					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location layer=Theme

Option 2

The vinegar maintains a very low temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vinegar	det
2	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 maintains	nsubj
3	maintains	maintain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 temperature	det
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 low	advmod
6	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 temperature	amod
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 maintains	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	maintain	present	the vinegar	a low temperature					vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The vinegar removes all the water from the vegetables

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vinegar	det
2	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 removes	nsubj
3	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 water	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 removes	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 vegetables	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 vegetables	det
9	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 removes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	the vinegar	all water		the vegetables			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme from vegetable=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The acidity prevents the growth of most germs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 acidity	det
2	acidity	acidity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prevents	nsubj
3	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 growth	det
5	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prevents	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 germs	case
7	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 germs	amod
8	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 growth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	the acidity	the growth of most germs					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer growth=Theme
2	grow		most germs						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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