Exam question 3 · The fizz: vinegar, lemon and soda

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a fair test?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: fair test

This is exam question 3 of lesson 18 «The fizz: vinegar, lemon and soda» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 test	det
10	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 test	amod
11	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a fair test				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Only one factor is altered whilst all others are held constant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 factor	nummod
3	factor	factor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 altered	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 altered	aux:pass
5	altered	alter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	10 held	mark
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 others	det
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 held	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 held	aux:pass
10	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 altered	advcl
11	constant	constant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 held	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present · passive		one factor					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	hold	present · passive		all others				constant property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

The result is determined before the experiment begins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 result	det
2	result	result	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 determined	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 determined	aux:pass
4	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	8 begins	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 experiment	det
7	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 begins	nsubj
8	begins	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 determined	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive		the result					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	begin	present	the experiment						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

The experiment is conducted on one occasion only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 experiment	det
2	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conducted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 conducted	aux:pass
4	conducted	conduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 occasion	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 occasion	nummod
7	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conducted	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	4 conducted	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present · passive		the experiment		one occasion			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on occasion=Destination

Option 4

All factors are altered simultaneously to save time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 factors	det
2	factors	factor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 altered	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 altered	aux:pass
4	altered	alter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV	_	4 altered	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 save	mark
7	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 altered	advcl
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 save	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present · passive		all factors				simultaneously property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	save	to-infinitive					time		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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