Exam question 1 · Fizzy drinks, Mentos and cola

Identify the principal cause of the audible hiss upon the opening of a sealed fizzy drink.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, seal, cause · To what, where: principal cause, audible hiss

This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Fizzy drinks, Mentos and cola» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 hiss	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hiss	det
7	audible	audible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hiss	amod
8	hiss	hiss	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 opening	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 opening	det
11	opening	opening	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hiss	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	16 drink	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 drink	det
14	sealed	seal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 drink	amod
15	fizzy	fizzy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 drink	amod
16	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 opening	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the audible hiss upon the opening of a sealed fizzy drink	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	seal	participle			vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	cause			the audible hiss upon the opening of a sealed fizzy drink	nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The container contracts as it is opened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 container	det
2	container	container	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contracts	nsubj
3	contracts	contract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 opened	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 opened	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 opened	aux:pass
7	opened	open	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 contracts	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contract	present	the container						vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute
2	open	present · passive		container					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

The sugar reacts chemically with the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sugar	det
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reacts	nsubj
3	reacts	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chemically	chemically	ADV	_	3 reacts	advmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 atmosphere	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 atmosphere	det
7	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reacts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	react	present	the sugar					with the atmosphere; chemically property	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with atmosphere=Eventuality

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The release of pressure permits dissolved gas to escape

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 release	det
2	release	release	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 permits	case
4	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 permits	compound
5	permits	permit	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 release	nmod
6	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gas	amod
7	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 permits	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 escape	mark
9	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 gas	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	participle							vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	escape	to-infinitive							vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The admission of air causes the liquid to boil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 admission	det
2	admission	admission	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 causes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 air	case
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 admission	nmod
5	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 liquid	det
7	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 causes	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 boil	mark
9	boil	boil	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 liquid	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	cause	present	the admission of air	the liquid	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition liquid=Patient
2	boil	to-infinitive	the admission of air not said here	the liquid not said here	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	admit			air	nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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