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Test 10 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

"tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5". What's the likely reason?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tyre, likely reason · What happens: be, look · To what, where: minus 5

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 fine	punct
2	tyre	tyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fine	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 fine	cop
4	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fine	obl:unmarked
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 looks	punct
7	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fine	parataxis
8	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 looks	xcomp
9	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 morning	det
10	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 looks	obl:unmarked
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 5	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 5	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 5	cop
14	minus	minus	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 5	amod
15	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 looks	parataxis
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 5	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	tyre				yesterday	fine property	tree rules
2	look in a quote	present					morning	flat property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3	is a in a quote	present	tyre	minus 5					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the likely reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the likely reason						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Frost has leaked into it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaked	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 leaked	aux
3	leaked	leak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 leaked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leak	present · perfect · passive		Frost		it			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Cold air in it pushes less on the walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pushes	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 it	case
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 air	nmod
5	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 pushes	advmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 walls	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 walls	det
9	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Cold air in it					on the walls; less property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on wall=Theme

Option 3

A hedgehog bit a small hole in it during the night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bit	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bit	compound
3	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hole	nsubj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hole	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hole	amod
6	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hole	nmod
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 night	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 night	det
11	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hole	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Cold makes the tyre grow bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tyre	det
4	tyre	tyre	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 grow	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Cold	the tyre					tree rules
2	grow	infinitive	the tyre not said here					big property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/t10/