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Test 8 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

In a cartoon, a balloon is filled with hot air and then left in a freezer, where it floats up. What would really happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: balloon · What happens: fill, leave, float up, happen · To what, where: balloon, cartoon, freezer

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a balloon is filled with hot air and then left in a freezer, where it floats up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 filled	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 balloon	det
6	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 filled	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 filled	aux:pass
8	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 air	case
10	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 air	amod
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 filled	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 left	cc
13	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	14 left	advmod
14	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 filled	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 freezer	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 freezer	det
17	freezer	freezer	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 left	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 floats	punct
19	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	21 floats	advmod
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 floats	nsubj
21	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 freezer	acl:relcl
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 floats	compound:prt
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 filled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present · passive		a balloon		a cartoon		with hot air	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with air=Instrument
2	leave	past					then	in a freezer result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in freezer=Result
3	float up	present	balloon						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would really happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	aux
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 happen	advmod
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air would cool and the balloon would shrink and sink

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cool	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 cool	aux
4	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shrink	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 balloon	det
7	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shrink	nsubj
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 shrink	aux
9	shrink	shrink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cool	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 sink	cc
11	sink	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cool	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	would	the air						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	shrink	would	the balloon						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	sink	infinitive	the air not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

It would turn into ice and fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 ice	case
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 fly	cc
7	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ice	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	would	It			ice and fly			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into ice=Trajectory

Option 3

It would burst from the cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 burst	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 burst	aux
3	burst	burst	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 cold	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cold	det
6	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 burst	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burst	would	It			the cold			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It would float higher in the cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 float	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 float	aux
3	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 float	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cold	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cold	det
7	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	would	It			the cold			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cold=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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