Exam question 1 · Leaves, fruit and colour in nature

Identify the principal reason for which the foliage of most plants appears green during summer.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, foliage · What happens: identify, appear · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 28 «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 appears	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 foliage	det
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 appears	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 plants	case
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 plants	amod
11	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 foliage	nmod
12	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
13	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 appears	xcomp
14	during	during	ADP	_	15 summer	case
15	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 appears	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	appear	present	the foliage of most plants				summer	for the principal reason; green property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The leaves reflect the colour of surrounding vegetation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reflect	nsubj
3	reflect	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 colour	det
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflect	obj
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 surrounding	mark
7	surrounding	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 colour	acl
8	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 surrounding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present	the leaves	the colour					tree rules
2	surround	gerund	the colour not said here	vegetation					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme vegetation=Co-Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorbs	nsubj
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 light	amod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 blue	cc
5	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 red	conj
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorbs	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 reflects	cc
8	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 absorbs	conj
9	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 light	amod
10	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reflects	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	Chlorophyll	red light					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal light=Theme
2	reflect	present	Chlorophyll not said here	green light					tree rules

Option 3

Summer sunlight consists predominantly of green light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sunlight	compound
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consists	nsubj
3	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	predominantly	predominantly	ADV	_	3 consists	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 light	case
6	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Summer sunlight					of green light; predominantly property	tree rules

Option 4

The leaves contain a reservoir of green water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	nsubj
3	contain	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 reservoir	det
5	reservoir	reservoir	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contain	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 water	amod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reservoir	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	the leaves	a reservoir of green water					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot reservoir=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/e1/