Exam question 3 · The air we breathe
It is given that the combustion of coal, oil and gas releases carbon dioxide. Select the consequence consistent with the established facts.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: combustion, coal, you · What happens: give, dioxide, combust, select, establish · To what, where: It, consequence
This is exam question 3 of lesson 33 «The air we breathe» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the combustion of coal, oil and gas releases carbon dioxide.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 dioxide | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 combustion | det |
| 6 | combustion | combustion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dioxide | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 coal | case |
| 8 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 combustion | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 oil | punct |
| 10 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 combustion | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 releases | cc |
| 12 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 releases | compound |
| 13 | releases | release | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 combustion | conj |
| 14 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dioxide | compound |
| 15 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 given | advcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | dioxide | the combustion of coal and oil and gas releases | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | combust | coal | nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Select the consequence consistent with the established facts.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 consequence | det |
| 3 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 consequence | amod |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 facts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 facts | det |
| 7 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 facts | amod |
| 8 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 consistent | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the consequence | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme | ||||
| 2 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The oxygen content rises markedly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 content | det |
| 2 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 content | compound |
| 3 | content | content | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rises | nsubj |
| 4 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | markedly | markedly | ADV | _ | 4 rises | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | present | the oxygen content | markedly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Additional heat is retained by the atmosphere
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Additional | additional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 heat | amod |
| 2 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 retained | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 retained | aux:pass |
| 4 | retained | retain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 atmosphere | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 atmosphere | det |
| 7 | atmosphere | atmosphere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 retained | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | retain | present · passive | the atmosphere | Additional heat | tree rules |
Option 3
The ozone layer is immediately restored
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 layer | det |
| 2 | ozone | ozone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 layer | compound |
| 3 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 restored | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 restored | aux:pass |
| 5 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 6 restored | advmod |
| 6 | restored | restore | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | restore | present · passive | the ozone layer | immediately property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
Option 4
The atmosphere becomes cooler
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 atmosphere | det |
| 2 | atmosphere | atmosphere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 becomes | nsubj |
| 3 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 becomes | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present | the atmosphere | cool property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/33-the-air-we-breathe/e3/