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Test 9 · ★★★ · Olympiad: kitchen chemistry puzzles ★★★

«popcorn's from 2019 lol, wanna try?» Only a few kernels pop. A friend blames the oil for being too cold. What is a better guess?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: popcorn, few kernels, friend · What happens: try, pop, blame, be · To what, where: oil, better guess

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 36 «Olympiad: kitchen chemistry puzzles ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «popcorn's from 2019 lol, wanna try?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 try	punct
2	popcorn	popcorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 try	nsubj
3	's	's	PART	_	2 popcorn	case
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 2019	case
5	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 popcorn	nmod
6	lol	lol	INTJ	_	9 try	discourse
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 try	punct
8	wanna	wanna	X	Foreign=Yes	9 try	dep
9	try	try	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 try	punct
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 try	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try in a quote	infinitive	popcorn from 2019						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Only a few kernels pop.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	5 pop	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kernels	det
3	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 kernels	amod
4	kernels	kernel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pop	nsubj
5	pop	pop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 pop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pop	present	a few kernels						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Sentence 3: A friend blames the oil for being too cold.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blames	nsubj
3	blames	blame	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 oil	det
5	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blames	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	9 cold	case
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 cold	cop
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 cold	advmod
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 blames	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blames	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blame	present	a friend	the oil					vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oil=Theme
2	is	gerund						cold property	tree rules

Sentence 4: What is a better guess?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 guess	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 guess	det
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 guess	amod
5	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a better guess					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The old kernels dried out, so too little steam formed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 kernels	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 kernels	amod
3	kernels	kernel	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 kernels	acl
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 dried	compound:prt
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 steam	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 steam	advmod
8	too	too	ADV	_	9 little	advmod
9	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 steam	amod
10	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kernels	conj
11	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 steam	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry out	participle		the old kernels and little steam not said here					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	form	participle		little steam not said here					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The kernels have been too cold ever since 2019

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kernels	det
2	kernels	kernel	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cold	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 cold	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 cold	cop
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 cold	advmod
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 cold	advmod
8	since	since	ADP	_	9 2019	case
9	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 cold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · perfect	the kernels				since 2019; ever	cold property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Popcorn only pops in the year it is picked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Popcorn	popcorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pops	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 pops	advmod
3	pops	pop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 year	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pops	obl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 picked	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 picked	aux:pass
9	picked	pick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 year	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pop	present	Popcorn				year		vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pick	present · passive	the year not said here	Popcorn					vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

Old kernels grow a hard coat like metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 kernels	amod
2	kernels	kernel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 coat	det
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 coat	amod
6	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 metal	case
8	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Old kernels	a hard coat				like metal	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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