Test 11 · ★★★ · Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★ A helium balloon from Saturday is small and wrinkly by Wednesday, with no hole. A little kid says it is "sad". What is really happening?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: helium balloon, little kid, kid · What happens: be, say, happen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 37 «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A helium balloon from Saturday is small and wrinkly by Wednesday, with no hole.
det compound nsubj case nmod cop cc conj case obl punct case det conj punct root A DET helium NOUN balloon NOUN from ADP Saturday PROPN is AUX small ADJ and CCONJ wrinkly ADJ by ADP Wednesday PROPN , PUNCT with ADP no DET hole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 balloon det 2 helium helium NOUN Number=Sing 3 balloon compound 3 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 7 small nsubj 4 from from ADP _ 5 Saturday case 5 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 3 balloon nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 small cop 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 wrinkly cc 9 wrinkly wrinkly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 small conj 10 by by ADP _ 11 Wednesday case 11 Wednesday Wednesday PROPN Number=Sing 9 wrinkly obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 hole punct 13 with with ADP _ 15 hole case 14 no no DET PronType=Neg 15 hole det 15 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 7 small conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a helium balloon from Saturday small property tree rules 2 be a helium balloon from Saturday not said here wednesday tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A little kid says it is "sad".
det amod nsubj nsubj cop punct ccomp punct punct root A DET little ADJ kid NOUN says VERB it PRON is AUX " PUNCT sad ADJ " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 kid det 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 kid amod 3 kid kid NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 sad nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sad cop 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 sad punct 8 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 says ccomp 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 sad punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a little kid vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present kid sad property tree rules
Sentence 3: What is really happening?
nsubj aux advmod punct root What PRON is AUX really ADV happening VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 happening nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 happening aux 3 really really ADV _ 4 happening advmod 4 happening happen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 happening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen present · progressive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 The helium has slowly turned into air
det nsubj:pass aux advmod case obl root The DET helium NOUN has AUX slowly ADV turned VERB into ADP air NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 helium det 2 helium helium NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 turned aux 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 5 turned advmod 5 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 into into ADP _ 7 air case 7 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present · perfect · passive the helium air slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into air=Trajectory
Option 2 The sunlight dried the balloon out
det nsubj det obj compound:prt root The DET sunlight NOUN dried VERB the DET balloon NOUN out ADP The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sunlight det 2 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 3 dried nsubj 3 dried dry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 balloon det 5 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 3 dried obj 6 out out ADP _ 3 dried compound:prt
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry out past the sunlight the balloon vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient balloon=Result
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer Helium slips out through the rubber
nsubj compound:prt case det obl root Helium NOUN slips VERB out ADP through ADP the DET rubber NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Helium helium NOUN Number=Sing 2 slips nsubj 2 slips slip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 slips compound:prt 4 through through ADP _ 6 rubber case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rubber det 6 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 2 slips obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slip out present Helium the rubber vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice The balloon got heavier and sank in the cold
det nsubj xcomp cc conj case det obl root The DET balloon NOUN got VERB heavier ADJ and CCONJ sank VERB in ADP the DET cold NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 3 got nsubj 3 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 heavier heavy ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 got xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 sank cc 6 sank sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 got conj 7 in in ADP _ 9 cold case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cold det 9 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 6 sank obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past the balloon heavy property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 sink past the balloon not said here the cold vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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