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Test 1 · ★ · Changes you can undo and changes you can't

Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change." Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, Bubbles, boiling water, you · What happens: say, mean, boil, be, put · To what, where: new substance, chemical change, friend · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 mean	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 mean	punct
6	Bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 mean	nsubj
7	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 substance	det
9	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 substance	amod
10	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mean	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 change	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	18 change	advmod
13	boiling	boil	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 water	amod
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 change	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 change	cop
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 change	det
17	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 change	amod
18	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	parataxis
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 change	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 change	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean in a quote	present	Bubbles	a new substance					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Topic
3	boil in a quote	gerund							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	is a in a quote	present	boiling water	a chemical change					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put him right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		friend			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

The options

Option 1

Boiling makes hydrogen and oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 oxygen	cc
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hydrogen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Boiling	hydrogen and oxygen					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hydrogen=Product

Option 2

The bubbles are air from the kettle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bubbles	det
2	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 air	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 air	cop
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 kettle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 kettle	det
7	kettle	kettle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 air	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the bubbles	air		the kettle			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He is right, boiling breaks the old water up and makes brand new water from it

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 breaks	punct
5	boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breaks	nsubj
6	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 water	det
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 water	amod
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breaks	obj
10	up	up	ADP	_	6 breaks	compound:prt
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 makes	cc
12	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
13	brand	brand	ADV	_	14 new	advmod
14	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 water	amod
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 makes	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	break up	present	boiling	the old water					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
3	make	present	He not said here	new water		boiling			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset water=Product from it=Material

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The bubbles are water vapour, still water, so it is reversible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bubbles	det
2	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 vapour	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 vapour	cop
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	compound
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 water	punct
7	still	still	ADV	_	8 water	advmod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 reversible	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 reversible	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 reversible	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 reversible	cop
13	reversible	reversible	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vapour	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the bubbles	water vapour and water and reversible					tree rules
2	is a	present	water	reversible					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo/t1/