Test 2 · Homophones and near-homophones

«the apostrophe means belonging, so it's tail must be right innit». Put her right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: apostrophe, tail, you · What happens: mean, belong, be, put · To what, where: tail, right innit, her

This is test 2 of lesson 11 «Homophones and near-homophones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «the apostrophe means belonging, so it's tail must be right innit».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 apostrophe	det
3	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	belonging	belong	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 means	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 innit	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	14 innit	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 tail	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tail	cop
10	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 innit	nsubj
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 innit	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 innit	cop
13	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 innit	amod
14	innit	innit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 belonging	obj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 innit	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean in a quote	present	the apostrophe		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	belong not said to happen, in a quote	gerund	the apostrophe not said here		vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
3	is a in a quote	present	apostrophe	tail	tree rules
4	is a in a quote	must	tail	right innit	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put her right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		her = she			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent she=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She's right, the apostrophe always shows belonging

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 shows	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 apostrophe	det
6	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shows	nsubj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 shows	advmod
8	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
9	belonging	belonging	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	show	present	the apostrophe	belonging				always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent belonging=Recipient

Option 2

«Its'» with the apostrophe at the end is right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Its	punct
2	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 apostrophe	nmod:poss
3	'	'	PUNCT	_	2 Its	punct
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Its	punct
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 apostrophe	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 apostrophe	det
7	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 right	nsubj
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 end	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 end	det
10	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 apostrophe	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 right	cop
12	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its apostrophe at the end					right property	tree rules

Option 3

Both «its» and «it's» are fine for belonging, as long as the reader understands

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 its	nsubj
2	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 its	punct
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 fine	nmod:poss
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 its	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fine	cc
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 fine	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fine	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fine	cop
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 's	punct
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fine	cop
11	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 belonging	case
13	belonging	belong	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 fine	advcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 long	punct
15	as	as	ADV	_	16 long	advmod
16	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 belonging	advmod
17	as	as	SCONJ	_	20 understands	mark
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 reader	det
19	reader	reader	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 understands	nsubj
20	understands	understand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 long	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	it	fine property	tree rules
2	belong	gerund		long property	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
3	understand	present	the reader		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

«Its» for belonging; «it's» only means «it is» or «it has»

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Its	punct
2	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Its	punct
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 belonging	case
5	belonging	belong	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 Its	nmod
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 means	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 means	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 means	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 means	cop
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 's	punct
11	only	only	ADV	_	12 means	advmod
12	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 is	punct
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 is	nsubj
15	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 means	ccomp
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 is	punct
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 has	cc
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 has	punct
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 has	nsubj
20	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 is	conj
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 is	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	belong	gerund			vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Its = it	mean property	tree rules
3	be in a quote	present	it		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	have in a quote	present	it		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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