Exam question 2 · Words to know, Years 5–6 (the statutory list, by idea)

Identify the principal distinction, in British usage, between «advice» and «advise».

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal distinction, British usage

This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Words to know, Years 5–6 (the statutory list, by idea)» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 distinction	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 distinction	amod
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 usage	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 usage	case
7	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 usage	amod
8	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 advice	punct
10	between	between	ADP	_	12 advice	case
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 advice	punct
12	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 usage	appos
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 advice	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 advise	cc
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 advise	punct
16	advise	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 usage	conj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 usage	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal distinction		British usage and advise			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

«Advice» is a noun, whereas «advise» is a verb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Advice	punct
2	Advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 noun	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Advice	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 noun	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 noun	det
6	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 verb	punct
8	whereas	whereas	ADV	PronType=Int	14 verb	advmod
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 advise	punct
10	advise	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 verb	nsubj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 advise	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 verb	cop
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 verb	det
14	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 noun	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Advice	a noun and a verb					tree rules
2	is a	present	advise	a verb				whereas property	tree rules

Option 2

«Advice» is a verb, whereas «advise» is a noun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Advice	punct
2	Advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 verb	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Advice	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 verb	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 verb	det
6	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 noun	punct
8	whereas	whereas	ADV	PronType=Int	14 noun	advmod
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 advise	punct
10	advise	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 noun	nsubj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 advise	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 noun	cop
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 noun	det
14	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 verb	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Advice	a verb					tree rules
2	is a	present	advise	a noun				whereas property	tree rules

Option 3

«Advise» is the American form of «advice»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Advise	punct
2	Advise	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Advise	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 form	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 form	det
6	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 form	amod
7	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 advice	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 advice	punct
10	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	nmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Advise	the American form				of advice	tree rules

Option 4

The two forms are interchangeable in all contexts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 forms	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 forms	nummod
3	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 interchangeable	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 interchangeable	cop
5	interchangeable	interchangeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 contexts	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 contexts	det
8	contexts	context	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 interchangeable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the two forms			all contexts		interchangeable property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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