Exam question 1 · Prediction: what happens next

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a prediction in reading?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: prediction, reading

This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Prediction: what happens next» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 prediction	det
10	prediction	prediction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 reading	case
12	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a prediction		reading		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A statement of the reader's preferences, without reference to the text at all

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 statement	det
2	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 preferences	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reader	det
5	reader	reader	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 preferences	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 reader	case
7	preferences	preference	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 statement	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 reference	punct
9	without	without	ADP	_	10 reference	case
10	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 statement	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 text	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 text	det
13	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reference	nmod
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 all	case
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 statement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state			the reader's preferences					nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient
2	prefer		the reader						nom preference «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

An entirely random guess

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 guess	det
2	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 random	advmod
3	random	random	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 guess	amod
4	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A reasoned anticipation of subsequent events, founded upon textual evidence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 anticipation	det
2	reasoned	reasoned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 anticipation	amod
3	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 events	case
5	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 events	amod
6	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 anticipation	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 founded	punct
8	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 anticipation	acl
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 evidence	case
10	textual	textual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 evidence	amod
11	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	participle		a reasoned anticipation of subsequent events not said here				upon textual evidence	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

A recollection of events already narrated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 recollection	det
2	recollection	recollection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 events	case
4	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recollection	nmod
5	already	already	ADV	_	6 narrated	advmod
6	narrated	narrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 recollection	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	narrate speech: other	participle		a recollection of events not said here					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	recollect			events					nom recollection «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/e1/