Exam question 4 · Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relation between decoding and comprehension?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relation	det
10	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 decoding	case
12	decoding	decoding	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relation	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 comprehension	cc
14	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 decoding	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relation				of the following statements; between decoding and comprehension; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are distinct skills; a pupil may decode a text without comprehending it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 skills	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 skills	cop
3	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 skills	amod
4	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 decode	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pupil	det
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 decode	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 decode	aux
9	decode	decode	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 skills	parataxis
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 text	det
11	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 decode	obj
12	without	without	SCONJ	_	13 comprehending	mark
13	comprehending	comprehend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 decode	advcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 comprehending	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	They	distinct skills	tree rules
2	decode	may	a pupil	a text	tree rules
3	comprehend	gerund	a pupil not said here	text	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 2

Comprehension invariably follows from accurate decoding

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 follows	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 follows	advmod
3	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 decoding	case
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 decoding	amod
6	decoding	decoding	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 follows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	Comprehension			accurate decoding		invariably property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from decoding=Trajectory

Option 3

Decoding is impossible without prior comprehension of the text

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Decoding	decoding	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 impossible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 impossible	cop
3	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	6 comprehension	case
5	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 comprehension	amod
6	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 impossible	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 text	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 text	det
9	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 comprehension	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Decoding					without prior comprehension of the text; impossible property	tree rules
2	comprehend			the text					nom comprehension «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

They are a single skill bearing two names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 skill	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 skill	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 skill	det
4	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 skill	amod
5	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 skill	acl
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 names	nummod
8	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bearing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	a single skill					tree rules
2	bear	gerund	a single skill not said here	two names					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check/e4/