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Test 7 · ★ · Reading a story: characters, plot and setting

In a cartoon, a hero is good at everything and never changes. Why do many good stories let characters change?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hero, many good stories, characters · What happens: be, not change, do, let, change · To what, where: cartoon, characters

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 22 «Reading a story: characters, plot and setting» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a hero is good at everything and never changes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 good	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hero	det
6	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 good	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 good	cop
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 everything	case
10	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 good	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 changes	cc
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 changes	advmod
13	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 good	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a hero			a cartoon		at everything; good property	tree rules
2	not change	present	a hero not said here						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do many good stories let characters change?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 let	advcl
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stories	amod
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stories	amod
5	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 let	nsubj
6	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	characters	character	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 let	obj
8	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 let	xcomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	many good stories not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	let	present	many good stories	characters					tree rules
3	change	infinitive	characters not said here						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Readers hate characters who change

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Readers	reader	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	characters	character	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	obj
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 change	nsubj
5	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 characters	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Readers	characters					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer character=Stimulus
2	change	present	characters						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Changing characters is against the rules

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 rules	csubj
2	characters	character	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Changing	obj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rules	cop
4	against	against	ADP	_	6 rules	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rules	det
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		characters					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent character=Patient
2	is	present	Changing					against the rules	tree rules

Option 3

It makes the book shorter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 book	det
4	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the book				short property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material book=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It shows they learned something from the problem

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 learned	nsubj
4	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 shows	ccomp
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 learned	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 problem	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 problem	det
8	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 learned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	learn	past	they	something		the problem			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent something=Topic from problem=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/22-reading-a-story-characters-plot-and-setting/t7/