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Test 6 · Reading non-fiction: recount, instructions, report

In a cartoon, a character builds a rocket without instructions and it works first time. What happens in real life?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: character · What happens: build, work, happen · To what, where: rocket, cartoon, real life

This is test 6 of lesson 23 «Reading non-fiction: recount, instructions, report» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a character builds a rocket without instructions and it works first time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 builds	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 character	det
6	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 builds	nsubj
7	builds	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 rocket	det
9	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 builds	obj
10	without	without	ADP	_	11 instructions	case
11	instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 builds	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 works	cc
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 works	nsubj
14	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 builds	conj
15	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	16 time	advmod
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 works	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 builds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present	a character	a rocket		a cartoon		without instructions	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rocket=Product
2	work	present	character				time		vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens in real life?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 life	case
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 life	amod
5	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happens	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present				real life			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in life=Location

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Instructions slow you down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slow	nsubj
2	slow	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 slow	obj
4	down	down	ADP	_	2 slow	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow down	present	Instructions	you					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient

Option 2

It always works first time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 works	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 works	advmod
3	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 works	advmod
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 works	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	It				time	always, first property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Rockets don't need instructions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rockets	rocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 need	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 need	advmod
4	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	Rockets	instructions					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot instruction=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Skipping instructions usually leads to mistakes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skipping	skip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 leads	csubj
2	instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Skipping	obj
3	usually	usually	ADV	_	4 leads	advmod
4	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 mistakes	case
6	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 leads	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	skip	gerund		instructions					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Agent
2	lead	present	Skipping					to mistakes; usually property	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to mistake=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/23-reading-non-fiction-recount-instructions-report/t6/