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Test 1 · ★ · Word classes: the jobs words do

«quickly's an adjective, it describes stuff, innit». What's the best reply?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: adjective, best reply · What happens: be, describe, innit · To what, where: adjective, stuff

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «quickly's an adjective, it describes stuff, innit».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 adjective	punct
2	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 adjective	advmod
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 adjective	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 adjective	det
5	adjective	adjective	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 describes	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 describes	nsubj
8	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 adjective	parataxis
9	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 describes	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 innit	punct
11	innit	innit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 describes	parataxis
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 innit	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 adjective	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present		a adjective				quickly property	tree rules
2	describe in a quote	present	adjective	stuff					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent stuff=Theme
3	innit in a quote	infinitive							tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the best reply?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reply	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reply	amod
5	reply	reply	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best reply						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It's an adverb: it tells how something is done

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 adverb	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 adverb	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 adverb	det
4	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 tells	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 tells	nsubj
7	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 adverb	parataxis
8	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 done	advmod
9	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 done	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 done	aux:pass
11	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 tells	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a adverb					tree rules
2	tell speech: assert	present	adverb						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	do	present · passive		something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 2

It's a verb, because it's about moving fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 verb	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 verb	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 moving	punct
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 moving	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 moving	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 moving	aux
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 moving	advmod
10	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 verb	conj
11	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 moving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a verb					tree rules
2	move	present · progressive	verb					about, fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It's a noun, because it ends in -ly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 noun	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noun	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 noun	det
4	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 ends	punct
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 ends	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 ends	nsubj
8	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noun	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 ly	case
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 in	punct
11	ly	ly	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ends	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a noun					tree rules
2	end	present	noun	a noun not said here		ly			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality noun=Eventuality

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, all describing words are adjectives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 adjectives	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 words	det
4	describing	describe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 adjectives	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 adjectives	cop
7	adjectives	adjective	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	gerund							vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	all describing words	adjectives					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/t1/