Test 3 · ★ · Word classes: the jobs words do
★★ «friendly ends in -ly so it's an adverb, easy». Is it?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ly · What happens: be · To what, where: adverb
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★ «friendly ends in -ly so it's an adverb, easy».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | X | Foreign=Yes | 1 ★ | dep |
| 3 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 ends | punct |
| 4 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ends | amod |
| 5 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 ★ | appos |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 ly | case |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 in | punct |
| 8 | ly | ly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ends | nmod |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 adverb | advmod |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 adverb | nsubj |
| 11 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 adverb | cop |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 adverb | det |
| 13 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 ★ | list |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 easy | punct |
| 15 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 adverb | amod |
| 16 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 15 easy | punct |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 ★ | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | ly | a adverb | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is it?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Is | nsubj |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Is | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | ly | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
No, friendly describes a noun, so it's an adjective
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 3 friendly | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 describes | nsubj |
| 4 | describes | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 noun | det |
| 6 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 describes | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 adjective | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 adjective | advmod |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 adjective | nsubj |
| 10 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 adjective | cop |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 adjective | det |
| 12 | adjective | adjective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 describes | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | present | friendly | a noun | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent noun=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | noun | a adjective | tree rules |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, every word ending in -ly is an adverb
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 11 adverb | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 word | punct |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 word | det |
| 4 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 adverb | nsubj |
| 5 | ending | end | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 word | acl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 ly | case |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 in | punct |
| 8 | ly | ly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ending | obl |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 adverb | cop |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 adverb | det |
| 11 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | gerund | every word not said here | ly | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | every word | a adverb | tree rules |
Option 3
No, it's a noun
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 noun | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 noun | nsubj |
| 4 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 noun | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 noun | det |
| 6 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | it | a noun | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, but only when it is used in a friendly, kind sentence
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 8 used | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 used | cc |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 used | advmod |
| 5 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 8 used | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 used | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 used | aux:pass |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 sentence | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 sentence | det |
| 11 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sentence | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 friendly | punct |
| 13 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sentence | amod |
| 14 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 used | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | it | a friendly kind sentence | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/t3/