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Test 5 · ★ · Word classes: the jobs words do

★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up. I'd never seen it before.» What word class is each «before»?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, I, word class · What happens: tidy up, not see, be · To what, where: lunch

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 tidied	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 lunch	punct
5	Before	before	ADP	_	6 lunch	case
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	appos
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 tidied	nsubj
9	tidied	tidy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 tidied	compound:prt
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 tidied	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tidy up in a quote	past	★						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: I'd never seen it before.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 seen	nsubj
2	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 seen	advmod
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 seen	obj
6	before	before	ADV	_	4 seen	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	would	I	lunch				before property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Sentence 3: What word class is each «before»?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 class	compound
3	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 before	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 before	cop
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 before	nsubj
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 before	punct
7	before	before	ADV	_	root	root
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 before	punct
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 before	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	word class					before property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

First an adverb, then a noun that names a time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	First	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 adverb	advmod
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 adverb	det
3	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 noun	punct
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 noun	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 noun	det
7	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adverb	appos
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 names	nsubj
9	names	name	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 noun	acl:relcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 time	det
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 names	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	name	present	a noun				time		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Both prepositions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 prepositions	det
2	prepositions	preposition	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

First a preposition, then an adverb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	First	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 preposition	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 preposition	det
3	preposition	preposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 adverb	punct
5	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 adverb	advmod
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 adverb	det
7	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 preposition	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Both conjunctions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 conjunctions	det
2	conjunctions	conjunction	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/t5/