Exam question 1 · Tricky words and common exception words

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a common exception word?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: common exception word

This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Tricky words and common exception words» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 word	det
10	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 word	amod
11	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 word	compound
12	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a common exception word				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A word employed exclusively in formal correspondence and in official documents of state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 word	acl
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 employed	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 correspondence	case
6	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 correspondence	amod
7	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 documents	cc
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 documents	case
10	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 documents	amod
11	documents	document	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 correspondence	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 state	case
13	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 documents	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	participle		a word not said here		formal correspondence and official documents of state		exclusively property	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	document			state					nom document «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

A word borrowed recently from a foreign tongue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 word	acl
4	recently	recently	ADV	_	3 borrowed	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 tongue	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 tongue	det
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 tongue	amod
8	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 borrowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	borrow	participle		a word not said here		a foreign tongue		recently property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from tongue=Source

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A frequently used word of which some part departs from the usual correspondence of sound and letter

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 word	det
2	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	3 used	advmod
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 word	amod
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 departs	obl
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 part	det
8	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 departs	nsubj
9	departs	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 word	parataxis
10	from	from	ADP	_	13 correspondence	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 correspondence	det
12	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 correspondence	amod
13	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 departs	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 sound	case
15	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 correspondence	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 letter	cc
17	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sound	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	use	participle			frequently property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	depart	present	some part	the usual correspondence of sound and letter	of a used word	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of which=Initial_Location from correspondence=Destination
3	correspond		sound and letter			nom correspondence «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

A word of which no letter whatsoever corresponds to its sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 corresponds	obl
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 letter	det
6	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 corresponds	nsubj
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	8 corresponds	advmod
8	corresponds	correspond	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 word	acl:relcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 sound	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 sound	nmod:poss
11	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 corresponds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	correspond	present	no letter					of a word; to letter's sound; whatsoever property	vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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